TOTAL NUMBER OF MEDICINAL PLANT RECORDS FOR ASTRINGENT IN MPDB : 113
AQUATIC : 0 BAMBOO : 2 CLIMBERS : 6 GRASSES : 0 HERBS : 25 ORCHIDS : 1 SHRUBS : 20 TREES : 59
| Sr. No. |
Medicinal Plant's Name |
Plant's Family |
Plant category |
Medicinal Uses |
| 1 |
Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. |
Poaceae |
Bamboo |
The root (burnt root) is applied to ringworm, bleeding gums, painful joints (Khare, 2007). Seeds are acrid,
laxative, said to be beneficial in strangury and urinary discharges (Chopra et al., 1958). Bark is used for skin eruptions (Khare, 2007). Leaf is emmenagogue, antileprotic, febrifuge, bechic, used in haemoptysis (Khare, 2007). anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, Anthelmintic, Astringent, Emmengogue activity |
| 2 |
Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees |
Poaceae |
Bamboo |
Dendrocalamus strictus is extensively used as raw material in paper mills and also for a variety of purposes such as light construction, furniture, musical instruments, bamboo board, mats, sticks, agricultural implements, rafts, baskets, woven wares and household utensils. Young shoots are edible and used as food. Leaves are used as forage, and decoction of leaves and nodes and silicious matter is used in traditional medicine.
Silicious matter found near the joints is used as a cooling, tonic and astringent medicine. Leaves are ecbolic to animals. |
| 3 |
Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin. |
Vitaceae |
Climbers |
The root, ground with black pepper, is applied to boils. The root is also used as an astringent medicine. Paste of tuber applied as poultice to ripen boils. Roots, if eaten, result in violent vomiting. Used to vomit out any toxic or poisonous thing eaten accidentally (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002). |
| 4 |
Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. |
Fabaceae / Leguminosae |
Climbers |
used for treating fatigue, muscle wasting, Vata and Pitta imbalance disorders, bleeding disorders etc. Used in rheumatism, tuberculosis, nervous affections, haemoptysis and catarrh. Fruits astringent, stomachic and febrifuge. |
| 5 |
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. |
Fabaceae / Leguminosae |
Climbers |
Plant is used in tumours, skin eruptions, anal fissures, dysuria, sores and burns. Seeds are astringent to the bowels, anti-pyretic, anthelmintic, diuretic and tonic; cures asthma, bronchitis, hiccup, ozoena, strangury, piles and leucoderma. Decoction of the plant is used in Leucorrhoea and menstrual derangements, it also removes stone from the kidney and gall bladde (Yusuf et l. 2009). |
| 6 |
Passiflora foetida L. - fetid passionflower |
Passifloraceae |
Climbers |
In India, this plant is used for forming
lotions for skin disease & for preparation of medicinal powder for digestive problems. In Brazil, this plant is used to formulate lotions for
skin diseases with inflammation. In Vietnam, leaves are used for tea making for vanishing sleeping and nervous disorders. Treating chronic pain, cough, asthma, insomnia, hysteria, emmenagogue, biliousness, digestive problems, including dyspepsia. This species can be helpful in treating digestive problems, including dyspepsia and Diarrhea; or used as an astringent and expectorant for nervous conditions and spasms. |
| 7 |
Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. |
Convolvulaceae |
Climbers |
Maceration of the leaves is drunk as an anti-venom after snake bites. A decoction of a mixture of plants, drunk against candida infections of mouth, digestive tract or anus. In India the plant is one of the sources of the Ayurvedic medicine ‘Prasarini’, which is attributed with astringent, aphrodisiac, laxative and bitter properties. The aerial parts are used in treating haemorrhoids, swellings, rheumatic affections and urinary infections. anti-inflammatory; Anti-arthritic |
| 8 |
Getonia floribunda Roxb. |
Combretaceae |
Climbers |
The leaves are bitter, astringent, laxative, anthelmintic, depurative, diaphoretic and febrifuge. They are useful in intestinal worms, colic, leprosy, malarial fever, dysentery, ulcers and vomiting. The fruits are useful in jaundice, ulcers, pruritus and skin diseases. |
| 9 |
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. |
Caryophyllaceae |
Herbs |
anti-inflammatory, astringent, demulcent; plant-spermicidal, applied as poultice, prescribed in jaundice in the form of pills with molasses |
| 10 |
Oxalis corniculata L. |
Oxalidaceae |
Herbs |
Antibiotic, good appetizer, removes kapha, vata, and piles; astringent cures dysentery and Diarrheas, skin diseases and quarten fevers, Leaves are anti-inflammatory, Refrigerant and antiscorbutic |
| 11 |
Pseudarthria viscida (L.)Wight & Arn. |
Fabaceae / Leguminosae |
Herbs |
Plant is used in tridoshas, cough, asthma, fever, dysentery, cardiac ailments, rheumatoid arthritis and aid in fast healing of fractured bone. The roots are astringent, thermogenic, digestive, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, aphrodisiac, nervine, cardio and rejuvenating tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of cough, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, helminthiasis, Diarrhea, gout, diabetes, hyperthermia and general debility. anti-diabetic, anti Diarrheal, anti cancer,
cough, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis,
helminthiasis, Diarrhea, inflammation, cardiopathy, fever, hemorrhoids, gout, diabetes, hyperthermia and general debility |
| 12 |
Psoralea corylifolia L. |
Fabaceae / Leguminosae |
Herbs |
Skin diseases, chemo-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial. Seeds of this plant are anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, cytotoxic, stimulant and diuretic in nature. Leprosy destroyer., leucoderma, skin rash and infections associated with skin. blood purifier; Anti-cancer (Pahari et al., 2016) |
| 13 |
Cucumis callosus (Rottb.) Cogn. |
Cucurbitaceae |
Herbs |
anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, ANTI-HYPERLIPIDAEMIC; Fruit is traditionally used to prevent insanity to strong memory and remove vertigo. The seeds are cooling and astringent and useful in bilious disorder. diabetics; cooling effect, improve appetite, easy bowl syndrome, relives stomach pain, vomiting and constipation; indigestion, dropsy, and pulp of fruit used in abortion (abortifacient) and to increase menses for women; epilepsy and Diarrhea |
| 14 |
Elephantopus scaber L. |
Asteraceae / Compositae |
Herbs |
Astringent, Cardiac tonic, diuretic, eczema, rheumatism, fever and bladder stones. |
| 15 |
Gnaphalium luteo-album |
Asteraceae / Compositae |
Herbs |
The leaves are used as an astringent and vulnerary. The tomentum is applied as counter irritant for gout. Leaves: useful in wounds and burns, also used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions. |
| 16 |
Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. |
Liliaceae |
Herbs |
eaten while the roots are used as traditional medicine to treat Diarrhea and dysentery and also used as demulcent and galactogogue. treatment of Piles, Astringent, |
| 17 |
Sesamum indicum L. |
Pedaliaceae |
Herbs |
The leaves and seed are astringent. The leaves are rich in a gummy matter and when mixed with water they form a rich bland mucilage that is used in the treatment of infant cholera, Diarrhea, dysentery, catarrh and bladder troubles. The seed is diuretic, emollient, galactogogue, lenitive and tonic, and acts as a tonic for the liver and kidneys. It is taken internally in the treatment of premature hair loss and greying, convalescence, chronic dry constipation, dental caries, osteoporosis, stiff joints, dry cough etc. It has a marked ability to increase milk production in nursing mothers. Externally it is used to treat haemorrhoids and ulcers. The seed is very high in calories and so should be used with caution by people who are overweight. The oil is laxative and also promotes menstruation. It is used to treat dry constipation in the elderly. Mixed with lime water, the oil is used externally to treat burns, boils and ulcers. A decoction of the root is used in various traditions to treat asthma and coughs.
Sesamum mulayanum: The oil used for massage and also given internally in arthritis. Oil is supposed to have abortifacient property (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002). |
| 18 |
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene |
Verbenaceae |
Herbs |
The plant is anodyne, anti-bacterial, astringent, carminative, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, febrifuge, parasiticide and refrigerant. It is said to be useful in the treatment of blenorrhoea, lithiasis, ischuria, constipation and pain in the knees. It is used in the treatment of hookworm. An infusion is drunk as a post-partum tonic. The juice of the plant is cooling and is used to relieve minor gastric troubles, fevers, coughs and colds. The aroma of the inhaled plant is breathed in to treat coughs and colds. A poultice of the fresh plant is applied to ripen boils. A paste or poultice is also applied to swollen cervical glands, to erysipelas, burns, and to chronic indolent ulcers. |
| 19 |
Celosia argentea L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Herbs |
Urinal problems, Sexual power increases; The flowers and seed are astringent, haemostatic, ophthalmic, parasiticide and poultice. They are used in the treatment of bloody stool, haemorrhoid bleeding, uterine bleeding, Leucorrhoea, dysentery and Diarrhea. The seed is hypotensive and ophthalmic. It also has an anti-bacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea, bloodshot eyes, blurring of vision, cataracts and hypertension, but should not be used by people with glaucoma because it dilates the pupils. The seeds are widely used in India for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. |
| 20 |
Polygonum barbatum L. |
Polygonaceae |
Herbs |
The seeds are used to relieve the griping pains of colic. The root is astringent and cooling. A paste of the root is used externally in the treatment of scabies. |
| 21 |
Rumex dentatus L. |
Polygonaceae |
Herbs |
This plant has allelopathic activity. The root is used as an astringent application in the treatment of cutaneous disorders. |
| 22 |
Euphorbia thymifolia L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Herbs |
The leaves, seeds and fresh juice of whole plant are used in worm infections, as stimulant, astringent. its actions involving laxative, aromatic, sedative, blood purification, anti-viral, antihelminthic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial,
anti-microbial, diuretic properties; |
| 23 |
Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. |
Asteraceae / Compositae |
Herbs |
sores and wound healing, treating bronchitis. The plant also exhibited anti-leukemic, anti-viral diuretic, styptic, astringent and ophthalmic properties. The essential oil from leaves has analgesic, hypothermic, and tranquilizing activities and cytotoxic activities against breast cancer cells
and healing cuts. The plant also exhibited stimulant, digestive, anthelmintic, liver tonic, expectorant, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-fungal activities. |
| 24 |
Rubia cordifolia L. |
RUBIACEAE |
Herbs |
The roots are alterative, anodyne, antiphlogistic, antitussive, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypotensive, styptic, tonic and vulnerary. They have an anti-bacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pneumococci etc. The roots are used internally in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, internal and external haemorrhage, bronchitis, rheumatism, stones in the kidney, bladder and gall, dysentery etc. The stems are used in Tibetan medicine, where they are considered to have a bitter taste and a cooling potency. Febrifuge, they are used in the treatment of blood disorders and spreading fever of kidneys and intestines. The leaves are anti-septic, astringent and vulnerary. They are used as a poison anti-dote and to treat mouth sores and intestinal problems such as Diarrhea. A wound dressing is made by rubbing the leaves between the hand palms into a ball, which is then applied to a wound or cut to stop bleeding. The leaves are burnt and the ashes are applied externally to treat mastitis and itchy skin. |
| 25 |
Salvia plebeia R.Br. |
LAMIACEAE |
Herbs |
The plant is astringent, diuretic and vermifuge. A paste of the plant is applied to wounds between the toes caused by prolonged walking barefoot in muddy water. The seeds are used in the treatment of Diarrhea, gonorrhea, menorrhagia and haemorrhoids. |
| 26 |
Commelina benghalensis L. |
Commelinaceae |
Herbs |
diuretic, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, leprosy, demulcent, emollient, hypotensive, CNS depressant, diuretic, refrigerant, laxative and astringent. |
| 27 |
Cyperus iria L. |
Cyperaceae |
Herbs |
The plant is astringent, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. It is used to treat amenorrhoea. The whole plant is used to treat rheumatism and to regulate menstruation. The rhizomes are used as a diuretic. A decoction of the ground tubers is used for treating fevers. |
| 28 |
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist |
Asteraceae |
Herbs |
Anti-cancer, astringency, Diarrhea, dysentery, anti-rheumatic, astringent, balsamic, diuretic, emmenagogue, styptic, tonic, vermifuge, treat gonorrhea, bleeding piles, |
| 29 |
Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Herbs |
Used in the problems of stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney and spleen. It is bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge and anti-septic. The whole plant is used in gonorrhea, menorrhagia and other genital affections. It is useful in gastropathy, Diarrhea, dysentery, intermittent fevers, ophthalmopathy, scabies, ulcers and wounds. Pharmacological activities including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective nephroprotective and diurectic properties. |
| 30 |
Amaranthus blitum L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Herbs |
A fluid extract of the plant is used as an astringent internally in the treatment of ulcerated mouths and throats, externally as a wash for ulcers and sores. The juice of the roots is used externally to relieve headaches. The plant has a folk reputation for being effective in the treatment of tumours and warts. |
| 31 |
Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench |
Asteraceae |
Herbs |
According to Ayurveda, seeds are hot, acrid, astringent, anthelmintic; cure ulcers, Vata and Kapha; use in skin disease, leucoderma, and fever. According to Unani system of medicine, the seeds are anthelmintic, purgative; used for asthma, kidney troubles, hiccough, inflammatory swellings, to remove blood from the liver, sores, and itching of the eyes. The seeds are anthelmintic, stomachic, tonic, diuretic and antiperiodic. The powdered seeds are applied externally in paralysis of the legs at Mundas of Chota Nagpur. The juice of the leaf is given to cure phlegmatic discharges of the nostrils. In Ceylon, the plant is used for fever convulsions. |
| 32 |
Cullen corylifolium (L.)Medik. |
Fabaceae - FABOIDEAE |
Herbs |
Bu Gu Zhi is valued in Chinese herbal medicine as a tonic remedy and is used to improve general vitality. Modern research has shown that it is also of value in the treatment of skin disorders, including vitiligo. The one-seeded fruits (or the seed plus the seedpod) are highly regarded as an aphrodisiac and tonic to the genital organs. The seed is anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, aromatic, astringent, bitter, cardiac, cytotoxic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. It is used in the treatment of febrile diseases, premature ejaculation, impotence, lower back pains, frequent urination, incontinence, bed wetting etc. It is also used externally to treat various skin ailments including leprosy, leucoderma and hair loss. The seed and fruit contain psoralen. This causes the skin to produce new pigment when exposed to sunlight and is used for treating vitiligo and psoriasis. The antibacterial action of the fruit inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The fruit is gathered when ripe in the autumn and can be dried for later use. The root is emetic. It is used for treating dental caries. The plant yields a useful medicinal oleoresin, it treats kidney disorders, impotence, premature ejaculation, lumbago etc. |
| 33 |
Triumfetta pilosa Wall. |
Malvaceae |
Herbs |
An infusion of the leaf is drunk to treat colic and diarrhoea, whereas in East Africa an extract of the leaf is recorded to be drunk as a purgative. A leaf maceration is used as an eye bath for the treatment of eye problems. The crushed leaf and twig are applied as a paste on sores. The bark and fresh leaves are astringent. They are used in the treatment of diarrhea. The leaves and flowers are used for the treatment of leprosy. |
| 34 |
Eulophia ochreata Lindl. |
Orchidaceae |
Orchid |
expectorant, anabolic, tonic, diuretic, astringent, digestive, and soft purgative, and also recommended for the treatment of ear discharge, blood clotting, joint edema, and debility. These are also used in stomatitis, purulent cough; and in the heart problems, dyscrasia, and scrofulous diseases of the neck; bronchitis, blood diseases, and as a vermifuge. |
| 35 |
Tamarix troupii Hole |
Tamaricaceae |
Shrubs |
The bark is bitter and an astringent, tonic; fruit and leaves are useful for dysentery and chronic Diarrhea. Galls are astringent, given internally in dysentery and Diarrhea, A strong decoction of gall is recommended for foul and sloughing ulcers; infusion is used as a gargle for sore throat. Powdered galls mixed with oil or vaseline is used in ulcerating piles and anal fissures. As a mild purgative, decoction of the gall is suitable for children, as it causes soft motion without irritation of bowels. The twigs and leaves are vulnerary; their ash is carminative, diuretic, Hepatoprotective, resolvent of the hepatic and splenic inflammations. It enters in British pharmacopoeia for their highest containing tannic acid. |
| 36 |
Helicteres isora L. |
Malvaceae |
Shrubs |
Treat snake bite, Diarrhea and constipation of new born baby. The extract of the seeds cures dysentery and stomach pain. The root and stem bark are expectorant, demulcent, astringent, galactofuge, and a remedy for scabies. The stem bark is also used for treating Diarrhea and dysentery; anti-oxidant, hypolipidaemic, anti-bacterial and antiplasmid activities, cardiac anti-oxidant, antiperoxidative potency, brain-antioxidation potency, anti-cancer activity, antinociceptive activity, Hepatoprotective activity, anti-Diarrheal activity and wormicidal activity; |
| 37 |
Grewia hirsuta Vahl |
Tiliaceae |
Shrubs |
Vata-pitta shamak, used for heart disease, cough, wounds and dyspnoea (root); in Diarrhea and dysentery (drupes); heart disease, fever (plant). leaves are useful in nose and eye diseases, anthelmintic. The root is
astringent to the bowel; useful in cholera, hydrophobia, kidney pain, piles, anthelmintic. Leaves and fruits are purgative, expectorants, carminative, abortifaciant, galactagogue; useful in splenic enlargement, eye troubles, piles, rheumatism pain in joints and in breasts. |
| 38 |
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. |
Tiliaceae |
Shrubs |
A decoction of the root is used as a remedy for internal ulcerations. The leaves are antihypertensive, astringent, diuretic, mucilaginous and emollient. A decoction of the plant in rice water, or of the root and bark, is used to treat Diarrhea, dysentery, internal haemorrhages and gonorrhea. The leaves and flowers are used as a treatment against leprosy. Patients with severe colds are treated by giving them a daily sauna with the boiling leaves. The fruit and pounded roots are believed to promote childbirth. The crushed flowers may be applied as a poultice on boils. The plant is used in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhoe, ulcer and leprosy. |
| 39 |
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Shrubs |
A decoction of the leaves is used against stones in the gall bladder, kidneys or bladder. The leaves are applied as a poultice to the head as a treatment for headache. The roots are considered to be alterative, astringent, bitter tonic, diuretic, expectorant and febrifuge. A decoction of the root is employed to treat kidney problems, oedema, swellings, chronic fever, coughs, biliousness, Diarrhea and dysentery; or as a sedative for children. The roots are applied to the gums as a treatment for toothache. A decoction is used externally to clean wounds and ulcers. The whole plant is considered to be anthelmintic. anti-oxidant, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, nootropic, anti-leshmanial, immunomodulatory activity; |
| 40 |
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight |
Fabaceae |
Shrubs |
Roots are used as contraceptive, hepato-protective, anti-helminthic & carminative. It is also used for the cure of tuberculous glands in dysuria,
in retention of urine, leucoderma & as an anti-dote in scorpion stings, for the relief of fever, ulcer, diabetes etc. The leaves and flowers are astringent. They are used in he treatment of inflammations, bacterial infections and tumours. They are prepared as poultices for external use or taken as a decoction for internal ailments. The seed, mixed with flour, is used to treat ringworm and other skin diseases and worms.
Plant decoction used as antacid and also given in prolonged fever. Seed powder given to induce hunger (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002). |
| 41 |
Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston |
Fabaceae |
Shrubs |
Anthelmintic, antiperiodic, astringent, febrifuge. The leaves are emmenagogue and laxative. They are applied externally to burns. The root is purgative. Anti-cancer (Ogunwande et al., 2010)
|
| 42 |
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz |
Lythraceae |
Shrubs |
The flowers are astringent. They are used in the treatment of dysentery, traditionally being beaten up with honey into a kind of confection. They are also thought to be of use in treating menorrhagia. The flowers are used externally as an astringent. |
| 43 |
Rotula aquatica Lour. |
Boraginaceae |
Shrubs |
The roots possess astringent,sudorific, bitter and antiurolithiatic properties. Traditionally roots are used in renal and vesicle calculi, hemorrhoids, veneral diseases and diabetes.The roots also used for the treatment of piles and as a laxative. It exhibits cooling, bitter and astringent properties.
Diuretic and cardiotonic properties. |
| 44 |
Vitex negundo L. |
Verbenaceae |
Shrubs |
Rheumatism, Skin diseases, important treatment for chronic bronchitis; The aromatic leaves are astringent, febrifuge, sedative, tonic and vermifuge. They are useful in dispersing swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, and of the testes from suppressed gonorrhea. The juice of the leaves is used for removing foetid discharges and worms from ulcers, whilst an oil prepared with the leaf juice is applied to sinuses and scrofulous sores. The leaves are stuffed into pillows, which are then used to relieve headache. The dried fruit is vermifuge. The fruit is also used in the treatment of angina, colds, coughs, rheumatic difficulties etc. The fresh berries are pounded to a pulp and used in the form of a tincture for the relief of paralysis, pains in the limbs, weakness etc. The root is expectorant, febrifuge and tonic. It is used in the treatment of colds and rheumatic ailments. |
| 45 |
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze |
Lamiaceae / Labiatae |
Shrubs |
The whole plant is used, but especially the leaves and the roots. It is a powerful astringent, carminative, febrifuge and tonic. The plant is used in the treatment of rheumatism, colds, fevers, abdominal pain, skin sores, and snake bites. A decoction of the leaves is used as an antirheumatic and stomachic, and also to treat uterine infections, kidney gravel, swellings and hypertension. The juice of the leaves is given to children for colic, dyspepsia and fever caused by teething. Inhaling the vapour of the hot infusion induces copious perspiration. The essential oil distilled from the leaves is applied externally as an embrocation in rheumatic arthritis. |
| 46 |
Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. |
Loranthaceae |
Shrubs |
The whole plant is used in indigenous systems of medicine as cooling, astringent, aphrodisiac, narcotic and diuretic. The plant is useful in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, menstrual disorders, constipation, insanity, Diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis, Leucorrhoea, rheumatism, skin diseases, impotency, wound swelling, paralysis, ulcers, haemorrhage, miscarriage, kidney and gall bladder stone. The plant possess the wound healing, anti-microbial, hepato-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antinociceptive, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant and anti-septic properties. The whole plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as cooling, bitter, astringent, aphrodisiac, narcotic and diuretic and is useful in treating pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, menstrual disorders, swelling wounds, ulcers, renal and vesical calculi and vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta. |
| 47 |
Jatropha curcas L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Shrubs |
The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of malarial fevers, and is also useful in reducing swellings caused by inflammation. This juice is also applied externally to treat burns, scabies, eczema and ringworm. The fresh bark is cut into small pieces and chewed or kept in the mouth for 1 - 2 hours in order to treat pyorrhoea. A paste of the bark is applied to the gums to treat wounds and swellings of the gums. The thin twigs are popularly used in Nepal as toothbrushes to treat toothache. They are considered especially good for treating bleeding and swollen gums. A leaf infusion is used as a diuretic, for bathing, to treat coughs, and as an enema in treating convulsions and fits. The leaves are also used to treat jaundice, fevers, rheumatic pains, guinea worm sores and poor development of the foetus in pregnant women. In Ghana the ashes from the burnt leaves are applied by rectal injection for treating haemorrhoids. The juice of the leaves, or the latex, is applied directly to wounds and cuts as a styptic and astringent to clean teeth, gums, and to treat sores on the tongue and in the mouth. It is also considered useful for treating decayed teeth. |
| 48 |
Oxystelma esculentum (L. fil.) R. Br. |
Asclepiadaceae |
Shrubs |
vital importance in curing the diseases of the modern world like cancer, hepatitis, kidney disorders, stress-related disorders and microbial infections. The plant is hot, bitter, tonic, expectorant, pungent, dry and indigestible; causes flatulence,
diuretic, laxative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, useful in leucoderma and bronchitis. The juice is used in gleet, gonorrhea, pain in the muscles, cough and given to children as an astringent.
The milky sap forms a wash for ulcers. |
| 49 |
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.)Sw. |
CAESALPINIOIDEAE |
Shrubs |
A decoction or infusion of the roots, bark, leaves or flowers is used as a purgative and emmenagogue. According to the dosage it may be used as a mouthwash for teeth or gums, a remedy for colds and fevers, or even as a strong abortifacient. The root is astringent, bitter, emmenagogue and, in larger doses, is used as an abortifacient. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea. The leaves are emmenagogue, febrifuge and tonic. At larger doses they can be abortifacient. An infusion is used to relieve constipation, as a treatment for kidney stones, and to accelerate childbirth. An infusion of the leaves and flowers is used as a diuretic. The leaves, flowers and seeds are used in the treatment of stomach, urinary bladder and kidney problems. |
| 50 |
Carissa carandas |
APOCYNACEAE |
Shrubs |
The fruits are astringent, antiscorbutic and also used as a remedy for biliousness. A leaf decoction is used against fever, Diarrhea, and earache. The roots serve as a stomachic, vermifuge and remedy for itches. |
| 51 |
Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari |
BURSERACEAE |
Shrubs |
The resin is alterative, anti-septic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, demulcent, emmenagogue, expectorant and stomachic. It is used in the treatment of muscular rheumatism. The gum resin has been used extensively by Ayurvedic physicians for centuries to treat a wide variety of disorders. It is a natural health product, used primarily to reduce elevated blood cholesterol levels. |
| 52 |
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.)Wight & Arn. |
MIMOSOIDEAE |
Shrubs |
The bark is astringent and vermifuge. It is used in the treatment of dysentery, headaches, toothaches and elephantiasis. The root is anthelmintic, purgative and strongly diuretic. Infusions are taken for the treatment of snake bites, leprosy, syphilis and coughs. A decoction of the root has been used as a contraceptive for women. The pounded roots and leaves are used to treat epilepsy. The roots or the leaves can be chewed and placed on the sites of snake bites and scorpion stings. The leaves are diuretic and laxative. Applied externally, they are believed to produce a local anaesthesia. They are used in treating gonorrhea, boils, sore eyes and toothaches. A powder from the leaves is used in the massage of fractures. A chloroform extract of the leaves has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and analgesic activites.
A saponin extract of the leaves has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory activity
An aqueous extract of the leaves has been shown to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. |
| 53 |
Sida cordifolia L. |
MALVACEAE |
Shrubs |
The plant is antipruritic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge and tonic. It is considered to be useful in the treatment of respiratory system related troubles. The whole plant is boiled, and the water used as an herbal bath, or for washing the skin to relieve itching and the irritation of chickenpox and measles spots. The juiced plant is used as a treatment for rheumatism and spermatorrhea. The leaves are analgesic, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, nervine, stimulant and tonic. A decoction is drunk as a treatment for fevers. The leaves are pounded in water and the juice used in the treatment of spermatorrhea and gonorrhea. They are cooked and eaten as a treatment for bleeding piles. The fresh leaves are bruised and then applied as a poultice on boils in order to promote suppuration. They are used in the treatment of conjuctivitis. The stems are considered demulcent, emollient, febrifuge and diuretic. The bark is considered to be cooling. It is useful in the treatment of problems related to the blood, throat and urinary system; and is also used to treat conditions such as piles, phthisis, insanity etc. The root bark powder, combined with milk and sugar, is used in the treatment of frequent micturition and leukorrhea. The roots are considered to be astringent, cooling, stomachic and tonic. An infusion is used in the treatment of nervous and urinary diseases; and also for disorders of the blood and bile, asthma and as a heart tonic. Combined with ginger (Zingiber officinale), the root is used in the treatment of intermittent fevers with shivering fits. The juice of the roots is applied topically as a healing application for wounds.he seeds are considered aphrodisiac. They are used in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, colds and tenesmus. |
| 54 |
Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. |
RHAMNACEAE |
Shrubs |
The juice of the roots is applied to fresh cuts and wounds. A decoction of the root bark is used to heal fresh wounds. The bark contains tannins and is astringent. A paste of the inner bark is applied as a poultice to obstinate wounds. A decoction of the fruit is used as a treatment for indigestion. The fruit is an ingredient of a stomachache pill. The roots are astringent bitter, anthelmintic, digestive and anti-septic. They are useful in hyperacidity, ascaris infection, stomachalgia and healing of wounds. |
| 55 |
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. |
Flacourtiaceae |
Tree |
An important herb in Ayurveda, where infusions of the bark, leaves and root are used medicinally to treat conditions such as fever, Diarrhea and inflammations. The leaf is carminative, astringent and used as a tonic, an expectorant and for asthma, pain relief, gynaecological complaints and as an anthelmintic, and treatment for hydrocele, pneumonia and intestinal worms. The leaves are used as an anti-dote to snake bites. The root and ash have been used as a remedy for kidney complaints. The roots are sweet, refrigerant, depurative, alexipharmic and diuretic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta and vata aphthae, poisonous bites, skin diseases, pruritus, erysipelas, strangury, nephropathy and psychopathy.
The leaves are useful in pruritus and scabies. The fruits are sweet, appetizer, digestiveand diuretic, and are useful in strangury jaundice, gastropathy and splenomegaly. |
| 56 |
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. |
Malvaceae |
Tree |
Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Anticancer, pitta and kapha, burning sensation, hyperdipsia, rhinopathy, ulcers, skin diseases, haematemesis and general debility (Warrier et al., 1995)
jaundice, throat pain, wound healing, urinary infection, dysentery
The bark is astringent, sweet, acrid, refrigerant, oleaginous, expectorant, antipruritic, vulnerary, constipating,
emetic, styptic, aphrodisiac and tonic.
The barks and roots of G. tiliaefolia are used to treat skin diseases, hypertension, ulcers,Diarrhea, in?ammatory bowel diseases,pruritis, jaundice, burning sensation, thirst,throat complaints, biliousness, dysentery,infectious diseases, and diseases of the nose and of the blood |
| 57 |
Aegle marmelos L. |
Rutaceae |
Tree |
Mulvyadh, Kawil, Pitta
The different parts of Bael are used for various therapeutic purposes, such as for treatment of Asthma, Anaemia, Fractures, Healing of Wounds, Swollen Joints, High Blood Pressure, Jaundice,
Diarrhea Healthy Mind and Brain Typhoid Troubles during Pregnancy. Ant diabetic Activity, Hepatoprotective activity, Antimicrobial Activity, Analgesic anti-inflammatory, & anti-pyretic Activity, anti-fungal Activity, Anti-cancer Activity (Wal et al., 2015), Radioprotective Activity, Antispermatogenic Activity, anti-ulcer Activity, Anti thyroid Activity, Toxicity Studies and antiDiarrheal. The dried pulp is astringent. It reduces irritation in the digestive tract and is an excellent remedy in cases of Diarrhea and dysentery. A decoction of the astringent unripe fruit, combined with fennel and ginger, is prescribed in cases of haemorrhoids. |
| 58 |
Garuga pinnata Roxb. |
Burseraceae |
Tree |
Leaf juice is astringent; given with honey in asthma; also given along with the leaf juice of Adhatoda zeylanica and Vitex trifolia. Fruits are stomachic and expectorant; given in Diarrhea in Rema-Kalenga. Stem juice dropped into the eyes to cure opacities of the conjunctiva. Decoction of the root is given for the treatment of pulmonary affections (Yusuf et al. 2009)Leaf juice is astringent; given with honey in asthma; also given along with the leaf juice of Adhatoda zeylanica and Vitex trifolia. Fruits are stomachic and expectorant; given in Diarrhea in Rema-Kalenga. Stem juice dropped into the eyes to cure opacities of the conjunctiva. Decoction of the root is given for the treatment of pulmonary affections (Yusuf et al. 2009) |
| 59 |
Chloroxylon swietenia (Roxb.) DC. |
Rutaceae |
Tree |
The crushed leaves are applied externally to treat wounds, snake bites and rheumatism. A paste of the leaves and roots is taken internally to treat headache and is applied to the forehead as a balm for the same purpose. The root bark in milk is drunk to treat impotence. A bark extract is considered astringent and taken to treat fever, chest pain and in a mixture with other plants to treat asthma. In friction it is used to treat bruises and painful joints. |
| 60 |
Cassine glauca Rottb. Kuntze. |
Celastraceae |
Tree |
anti-septic, Gyanic problems; The dried and powdered leaves are used as sternutatoires. They are also burnt and the smoke used as a fumigant in the treatment of certain nerve diseases, particularly to rouse women from hysteria. The powdered leaves are used as a snuff to relieve headaches. The bark is astringent and is also considered poisonous. The fresh root bark is rubbed into a paste with water and applied as a poultice on swellings. The root is said to be specific against snake bite. A cold water extract of the crushed roots is used as an emetic. |
| 61 |
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. |
Rahamnaceae |
Tree |
Fruit aids weight gain, improves muscular strength and increases stamina. They are anodyne, anti-cancer, anti-dote, expectorant, pectoral, refrigerant, sedative, stomachic, styptic and tonic. They are considered to purify the blood and aid digestion, and are used internally in the treatment of a range of conditions including chronic fatigue, loss of appetite, Diarrhea, pharyngitis, bronchitis, anaemia, irritability and hysteria. A mucilage made from the fruit is used to make bronchial pastilles. It is hypnotic, narcotic, sedative, stomachic and tonic, and is used internally in the treatment of palpitations, insomnia, nervous exhaustion, night sweats and excessive perspiration. The root is used in the treatment of dyspepsia. A decoction of the root has been used in the treatment of fevers. The root is made into a powder and applied to old wounds and ulcers. The leaves are astringent and febrifuge. They are said to promote the growth of hair. They are used to form a plaster in the treatment of strangury. The plant is a folk remedy for anaemia, hypertonia, nephritis and nervous diseases. |
| 62 |
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken |
Sapindaceae |
Tree |
The powdered seeds are applied to wounds and ulcers of cattle to remove maggots. The bark is used as an astringent and against skin inflammations, ulcers, itching, acne and other skin infections. It is generally used as an analgesic, antibiotic and against dysentery. Recently, it was reported that the bark along with water is used to treat menorrhea. antitumor; Anticancer; |
| 63 |
Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Almeida |
Anacardiaceae |
Tree |
The roots are acrid, astringent, cooling, depurative and constipating, and are useful in treatment of Diarrhea. Leaves are used in the treatment of skin diseases. Fruits are used in treating cough and asthma. The gum from the tree is used against leprosy in traditional medicine. The roots are acrid, astringent, cooling, depurative and constipating. They are useful in the treatment of Diarrhea. The leaves are used in the treatment of skin diseases. The fruits are used in treating coughs and asthma. Treating leprosy |
| 64 |
Mangifera indica L. |
Anacardiaceae |
Tree |
The leaves are astringent and odontalgic. An infusion is drunk to reduce blood pressure and as a treatment for conditions such as angina, asthma, coughs and diabetes. Externally, the leaves are used in a convalescent bath. A mouthwash made from the leaves is effective in hardening the gums and helping to treat dental problems. The leaves are used to treat skin irritations. The charred and pulverized leaves are used to make a plaster for removing warts and also act as a styptic. The seed is astringent, antiDiarrheal; anthelmintic when roasted. It is used to treat stubborn colds and coughs, obstinate Diarrhea and bleeding piles. The pulverised seed is made into a sweetened tea and drunk, or taken as powders, for treating dysentery. The seeds are ground up and used to treat scorpion stings. The bark is astringent, homeostatic and antirheumatic. Used in the treatment of haemorrhage, Diarrhea and throat problems. When incised, the bark yields an oleoresin which is stimulant, sudorific and antisyphilitic. The stem is astringent. It is used to treat Diarrhea and to remedy stomach-ache. The roots are diuretic. The flowers are aphrodisiac. The fruit is antiscorbutic and antidysenteric.Various parts of plant are used as a dentrifrice, anti-septic, astringent, diaphoretic, stomachic, vermifuge, tonic, laxative and diuretic and to treat Diarrhea, dysentery, anaemia, asthma, bronchitis, cough, hypertension, insomnia, rheumatism, toothache, Leucorrhoea, haemorrhage and piles. All parts are used to treat abscesses, broken horn, rabid dog or jackal bite, tumour, snake bite, stings, datura poisoning, heat stroke, miscarriage, anthrax, blisters, wounds in the mouth, tympanitis, colic, Diarrhea, glossitis, indigestion, bacillosis, bloody dysentery, liver disorders, excessive urination, tetanus and asthma. |
| 65 |
Semecarpus anacardium L. |
Anacardiaceae |
Tree |
Ripe fruits are aphrodisiac, digestive and stimulant. A paste or juice of the fruit is used in the treatment of bronchitis, dysentery, fever, asthma and haemorrhoids. The pure black acrid juice obtained from the fruits is used externally to remove rheumatic pains, aches and sprains. A little of the oil is rubbed over the parts affected - it is an efficacious remedy except in such constitutions as are subject to inflammations and swellings. Mixed with garlic and other substances, the juice is used in the treatment of almost every sort of venereal complaint. The bark is mildly astringent. A paste of the seed, mixed with honey, is used in the treatment of gastric troubles. The juice of the seeds is applied externally in the treatment of ringworm and severely chapped feet. The juice of the seeds has been tested as a possible anti-cancer. An oil obtained from the seeds is used to treat skin eruptions. The juice of the root is considered to be effective in causing sterility in women. The latex is applied externally in the treatment of headaches, skin diseases and scabies. The fruit and nut extract shows various activities like antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-reproductive, CNS stimulant, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic and hair growth promoter. |
| 66 |
Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz |
Anacardiaceae |
Tree |
The fruit is used as an astringent and antiscorbutic. It is used in the treatment of bilious dyspepsia. The juice of the fruit is applied against earache. The bark is recommended in the treatment of stomach aches and dysentery. A paste of the bark is applied topically in the treatment of rheumatism and swollen joints. The root is considered to be useful in regulating menstruation. This plant has been known to possess anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, ulcer-protective, anti-cancerous,
anti-Diarrheal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic and Hepatoprotective activity. |
| 67 |
Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
The bark is used ad astringent, analgesic and anti-Diarrheal. Seeds possesses good anti-inflammatory properties. Seed oil is used in rheumatism. The bark is used in dyspepsia. |
| 68 |
Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.)Hochr. |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
Juice of the root, mixed with the powder of two fruits of black pepper, is taken in cases of eye trouble. The bark is used against fevers. A paste of bark is applied to cuts and wounds. A sap exudate is used to make a medicine against dysentery. The gum is astringent. The bark used as astringent, acrid, cooling, stimulant, anti-inflammatory, constipating, urinary astringent, anthelmintic, sudorific, depurative, styptic, febrifuge and rejuvenating. The extract of the whole plant showed anti – inflammatory, hypotensive action, anti-oxidant activity, Hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic and wound healing activities. |
| 69 |
Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
The seed oil is given as a stomachic and cholagogue in the treatment of dyspepsia and cases of sluggish liver. It is used externally as a liniment for rubbing on skin diseases and rheumatic joints. It has been shown to be effective in enhancing the pigmentation of skin affected by leucoderma or scabies. The powdered seed is given as an expectorant in the treatment of bronchitis and whooping cough, and is also prescribed as a febrifuge and tonic. A paste made from the powdered seed is spread on sores and rheumatic joints. An infusion of the leaves is used to relieve rheumatism. A decoction is used as a cough remedy. The leaves are crushed and applied as a poultice for the treatment of parasitic skin diseases and to relieve bleeding haemorrhoids. The expressed juice is used on herpes and itches. The flowers are claimed to have anti-diabetic action. The fresh stem bark is astringent and is taken internally to relieve bleeding haemorrhoids. It is also applied to reduce the enlargement of the spleen. The root bark contains a bitter alkaloid and is used as an abortifacient. The anti-septic root juice is put on sores and ulcers and used to clean teeth. Plant is used for anti-infl ammatory, anti-plasmodial, anti-nonciceptive, anti-hyperglycaemics, anti-lipidoxidative, anti-Diarrheal, anti-ulcer, anti-hyperammonic and anti-oxidant. |
| 70 |
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
Blood sugar reduces; The resin obtained from wounds in the bark is astringent. It is used in the treatment of chronic Diarrhea and the irritation caused by gastric infection and colitis. Although it has an unpleasant flavour, it makes a good mouthwash and gargle. It is commonly used in cases of toothache and also as a douche to treat vaginal discharge. The bark is used, either as a powder or in decoction, in the treatment of Diarrhea. A decoction of the bark is very useful for diabetic patients. The bruised leaves are used as a poultice on boils, sores and skin diseases. |
| 71 |
Bauhinia variegata L. |
Caesalpiniaceae / Fabaceae / Leguminosae |
Tree |
Mulvyadh, Anti-cancer(Tu et al., 2016).Paste of roots with rice is applied over wound. Decoction of buds is given twice a day in having blood in
cough. It is used to stop the excess bleeding during menses.Dried flower powder with honey given in acidity. The bark is alterative, anthelmintic, astringent and tonic. The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery, Diarrhea and other stomach disorders. A paste of the bark is useful in the treatment of cuts and wounds, skin diseases, scrofula and ulcers. The dried buds are used in the treatment of piles, dysentery, Diarrhea and worms. The juice of the flowers is used to treat Diarrhea, dysentery and other stomach disorders. The root is used as an anti-dote to snake poison. A decoction of the root is used to treat dyspepsia. |
| 72 |
Tamarindus indica L. |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
The bark is astringent and tonic and its ash may be given internally as a digestive. Incorporated into lotions or poultices, the bark may be used to relives sores, ulcers, boils and rashes. It may also be administered as a decoction against asthma and amenorrhea and as a febrifuge. Leaf extracts exhibit anti-oxidant activity in the liver, and are a common ingredient in cardiac and blood sugar reducing medicines. Young leaves may be used in fomentation for rheumatism, applied to sores and wounds, or administered as a poultice for inflammation of joints to reduce swelling and relieve pain. A sweetened decoction of the leaves is good against throat infection, cough, fever, and even intestinal worms. The filtered hot juice of young leaves, and a poultice of the flowers, is used for conjunctivitis. The leaves are warmed and tied to affected areas in order to relieve swellings and pains, particularly sprains. They are also used for bathing sores or to bathe persons suffering from measles or allergies. The leaves and flowers are used to make a sweetened tea that is drunk by children as a remedy for measles. They were also used in a preparation which was drunk in early Guyana as a malaria remedy. A decoction of the flower buds is used as a remedy for children's bedwetting and urinary complaints. The fruit is aperient and laxative. A syrup made from the ripe fruit is drunk in order to keep the digestive organs in good condition, and also as a remedy for coughs and chest colds. The flesh of the fruit is eaten to cure fevers and control gastric acid. The fruit pulp may be used as a massage to treat rheumatism, as an acid refrigerant, a mild laxative and also to treat scurvy. Powdered seeds may be given to cure dysentery and Diarrhea. The plant contains pyrazines and thiazoles. The seed contains polyoses. The bark yields proanthocyanidin and hordenine. It is used traditionally in abdominal pain, Diarrhea and dysentery, helminthes infections, wound healing, malaria and fever, constipation, inflammation, cell cytotoxicity, gonorrhea, and eye diseases. |
| 73 |
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
anti-septic, Antibacterial, Anti-allergic, Antidermatosis, Antidysenteric, Bronchitis, Piles, Hemicranias, Cough, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Asthma etc. Anticancer; The leaves and seeds are used in the treatment of eye problems such as ophthalmia. The bark is astringent. It is taken internally to treat Diarrhea, dysentery and piles. The bark is used externally to treat boils. The flowers are applied locally to maturate boils and alleviate skin eruptions. The powdered seeds are used to treat scrofula. Saponin from the pods and roots has spermicidal activity. |
| 74 |
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. |
Combretaceae |
Tree |
It is anthelmintic, astringent (especially when ripe), digestive, tonic and laxative (especially when unripe). The fruit is used internally principally in the treatment of digestive and respiratory problems. the ripe fruit is used in cases of Diarrhea and indigestion, whilst the unripe fruit is used as a laxative in cases of chronic constipation. The fruit is often used to treat upper respiratory tract infections that cause symptoms of sore throats, hoarseness and coughs. Externally, the fruit is used to make a lotion for sore eyes. The sour fruits are one of the ingredients of 'triphala', an Ayurvedic rejuvenative, laxative tonic based on this species plus the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula. |
| 75 |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels |
Myrtaceae |
Tree |
Blood sugar reduces, tonic; Both the seeds and the fruit are diuretic and have important carminative and astringent properties. The seeds also reduce blood sugar levels and are useful in the treatment of diabetes. The seeds and bark are well known in the Far East for the treatment of dysentery and in the control of hyperglycaemia and glycosuria in diabetic patients. The juice of the bark is considered good for treating wounds and enlargement of the spleen. The bark is astringent. An infusion is used to treat irregular menstruation, Diarrhea, dysentery, children's thrush etc. The bark is used as a gargle to strengthen gums, treat mouth ulcers etc. The ripe fruit is astringent and is used as an effective treatment for diabetes. Fruits are used as a relief for colic and to treat Diarrhea. An infusion of the leaves is used in the treatment of diabetes and Diarrhea. The wood yields a sulphate pulp that has medicinal uses. The roots are sometimes used as a treatment for epilepsy. |
| 76 |
Careya arborea Roxb. |
Lecythidaceae |
Tree |
Cough, Dental Problems, The bark of the tree and the sepals of the flowers are well-known Indian remedies, and are valued on account of their astringent and mucilaginous properties, being administered internally in coughs and colds and applied externally as an embrocation. Traditionally used in the treatment of tumours, bronchitis, skin disease, epileptic fits, astringents, anti-dote to snake-venom, abscesses, boil and ulcer. Fruits are used as decoction to promote digestion. Leaves and flowers are used in the form of paste to cure several skin diseases. It is also used as remedy for Diarrhea, dysentery with bloody stools and ear pain. Leaf paste and pulp used as poultice rapidly heals ulcers and root is used for the treatment of tuberculosis and skeletal fractures. cytotoxic activity, antitumor effect, N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis, CNS depressant, anticoagulant and anti-oxidant activity |
| 77 |
Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay |
Rubiaceae |
Tree |
The rind and fruit have useful emetic, diaphoretic and antispasmodic properties. The fruit is useful in cases of acute bronchitis and asthma. The fruit is applied externally in fever. The bark is a sedative and nervine carminative. It is given internally and externally in the treatment of fevers. An infusion of the bark root is used as an emetic. The bark is used internally and externally as an anodyne in the treatment of rheumatism and to relieve the pain of bruises and bone aches during fevers. It also acts as an astringent and is useful in treating Diarrhea and dysentery. Stem bark made into a paste and mixed with goat's milk and country liquour. This is prescribed in rheumatism once daily on an empty stomach. Fruits: cure abscess ulcers, inflammations tumours, skin diseases, pain in muscles, piles, chronic bronchitis, paralysis, leprosy, boils and eruption, brain diseases, asthma, leucoderma and rheumatism. Pulp of fruit bark: bone ache during fever. |
| 78 |
Xeromphis uliginosa (Retz.) Maheshw |
Rubiaceae |
Tree |
Bark: astringent, emetic, abortifacient, analgesic, constipating and anti-septic. Fruits: bitter, acrid, thermogenic, anti-inflammatory, carminative. Root: aphrodisiac, diuretic, haematinic, tonic and cooling. anti-cancer |
| 79 |
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. |
Ebenaceae |
Tree |
The seeds can be intoxicating; they have been prescribed in India as a cure for mental disorders, nervous breakdowns and palpitations of the heart. The fruits have a cooling and an astringent effect. The dried flowers are reportedly useful in urinary, skin and blood diseases. The bark is astringent. A decoction is used in the treatment of Diarrhea. |
| 80 |
Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. |
Oleaceae |
Tree |
The roots, bark and leaves are bitter, acrid, appetising, digestive, thermogenic, stomachic, depurative, constipating urinary astringent and anthelmintic. They are useful in treating a range of conditions including indigestion, skin diseases, leprosy, anaemia, boils and burns and rectal disorders. The bark is used to treat diseases of the throat, anaemia, bleeding piles and diabetes. The fruits are reported to be useful in curing hydrocele. The roots are used in the treatment of leprosy. |
| 81 |
Wrightia tinctoria Roem. |
Apocynaceae |
Tree |
Warmicide, Kadu indrajav; The bark is used in the treatment of dysentery. The dried and powdered bark is rubbed over the body in the treatment of dropsy. The seeds are anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent and febrifuge. They are used in the treatment of fevers, Diarrhea and dysentery, intestinal worms. The leaves are used to relieve toothache when chewed with salt. The leaves and roots are pounded in water for treatment of fever. The bark and leaves are used to treat psoriasis, stomach pains, toothache, and dysentery. The milky juice is used to stop bleeding. |
| 82 |
Cordia dichotoma Forster. f., Prodr. |
Boraginaceae |
Tree |
Cough, Skin diseases, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulator and analgesic activity. From the ancient time, leaves and stem bark are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, fever, Diarrhea, leprosy, gonorrhea and burning sensation. Leaf of plant traditionally shows the therapeutic uses and actions such as anthelmintic, astringent, diuretic, demulcent, purgative, expectorant, tonic, ulcer and cough. |
| 83 |
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz |
Bignoniaceae |
Tree |
Ear problems; anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective and immunomodulaory; The bitter bark of the root is astringent, blood purifier and tonic. It is used in the treatment of stomach complaints, Diarrhea and dysentery. An alcoholic maceration of the fresh bark is externally applied on allergic dermatitis. When mixed with turmeric, the bark is used for healing sores of animals. The root is credited with antirheumatic, antidysenteric and diuretic properties. The seeds and bark are used medicinally for alleviating body pain, especially during fevers, and as an antiphlogistic medicine. It is also applied to burns and wounds. The juice of the bark is taken internally to treat Diarrhea and dysentery. A decoction of the bark is refrigerant, used in the treatment of fevers and jaundice. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a treatment for stomach-ache. Applied externally the leaves are employed in the treatment of cholera, fever, childbirth and rheumatic swellings. The boiled leaves are used as a poultice during and after childbirth, and in dysentery as well as for an enlarged spleen. Leaf poultices may be further applied for toothache and headache. The seed is expectorant and laxative. A decoction is used in treating coughs, bronchitis and gastritis. The seeds are applied externally to ulcers. |
| 84 |
Gmelina arborea Roxb. |
Verbenaceae |
Tree |
The roots have great medicinal value as a blood purifier, laxative, stomachic, tonic and as an anti-dote to poisons. The leaf sap is used as a demulcent to treat gonorrhea and cough, and is also applied to wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, ‘tridosha’ and urinary discharge. Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers. Flowers are sweet, cooling, bitter, acrid and astringent. They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases. In Ayurveda it has been observed that Gamhar fruit is acrid, sour, bitter, sweet, cooling, diuretic tonic, aphrodisiac, alternative astringent to the bowels, promote growth of hairs, useful in ‘vata’, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge. The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake – bite and scorpion- sting. In snake – bite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally. |
| 85 |
Tectona grandis L. f. |
Verbenaceae |
Tree |
It is vermifuge; promotes digestion; is effective in relieving bilious headaches and toothaches; reduces inflammations or eruptions of the skin. The charred wood, soaked in poppy juice and made into a paste, has been used to relieve the swelling of the eyelids. The wood has been used as a hair tonic. An oil extracted from the roots is used to treat eczema, ringworms and inflammation. The bark has been used as an astringent and in the treatment of bronchitis. The flowers are diuretic. They are used to treat biliousness, bronchitis and urinary disorders. The seeds are diuretic. An oil extracted from the seeds promotes hair growth. The leaves have a reputation of being diuretic, depurative, purgative, stimulant, antidysenteric and vermifuge. They are used in traditional medicine to treat anaemia, asthenia, fever and malaria, amoebiasis, schistosomiasis and tuberculosis. Extracts of the leaves are reported to be effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treat bleeding of larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs, and sore throat. An oil extracted from the tender shoots is used against scabies in children. Medicinally it has various pharmacological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant,
anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic, anti-diuretic, and hypoglycemic. |
| 86 |
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob. |
Lauraceae |
Tree |
The root bark and leaves are used medicinally to reduce fever, reduce swelling, and treat Diarrhea. They also may be used for treating furunculosis. The leaves, and the mucilage in the gum from the bark, have been used for making poultices. The bark also acts as a demulcent and mild astringent in the treatment of Diarrhea and dysentery. The pounded seeds are applied externally against boils. respiratory disorders and rheumatism; Antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer |
| 87 |
Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. |
Phyllanthaceae |
Tree |
The plant is pungent, bitter, heating, useful in lumbago, hemiplegia; bark is good for the removal of urinary concretions (Ayurveda). Root and bark are valuable astringents. The bark is used as a liniment with gingelly oil in rheumatism. The bark is anti-viral, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive. |
| 88 |
Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. |
Moraceae |
Tree |
anti-ulcer, astringent, aphrodisiac, demulcent, depurative, emollient; It is also useful against inflammation, Diarrhea, diabetes, burning sensation,
leprosy, scabies, wounds and skin diseases. |
| 89 |
Ficus benghalensis L. |
Moraceae |
Tree |
Blood Sugar reduces, Hair tonic; The leaves are used to remedy dysentery and Diarrhea. They are used in a decoction with toasted rice as a diaphoretic. The young leaves are heated and used as a poultice. They are applied to abscesses as a poultice to promote suppurations and discharge of pus. The concentrated latex, combined with the fruit, is aphrodisiac and is used to treat spermatorrhoea and gonorrhea. Mixed with sugar, it is used as a treatment for dysentery in children. The milky latex in the plant is applied topicaly to treat toothache, bruises, painful areas, rheumatic joints and lumbago. It is dripped into wounds in order to kill or expel germs, and is applied to treat bleeding and swelling of the gums. The bark is tonic and diuretic. An infusion is anti-diabetic and a decoction is used as an astringent in the treatment of Leucorrhoea. A decoction of the root fibres is useful as a treatment against gonorrhea, whereas the tender ends of the aerial roots are used for obstinate vomiting. An infusion of the twigs is a useful remedy for haemoptysis. The milky latex is used against pains and fever, rheumatism and lumbago, toothache, and applied to cracked and inflamed soles. The fruit is tonic and has a cooling effect. |
| 90 |
Ficus racemosa L. |
Moraceae |
Tree |
Mulvyadh, The leaves are used in the treatment of Diarrhea. The bark is astringent. It is used in the treatment of haematuria, menorrhagia, and haemoptysis. The fruit is astringent. It is used in the treatment of haematuria, menorrhagia, and haemoptysis. The fruit, when filled with sugar, is considered to be very cooling. A fluid that exudes from the cut roots of the tree is considered to be a powerful tonic when drunk for several days together. The sap is a popular remedy in Bombay, that is applied locally to mumps and other inflammatory glandular enlargements, and is also used in the treatment of gonorrhea. The root is chewed as a treatment for tonsilitis. |
| 91 |
Ficus religiosa L. |
Moraceae |
Tree |
Asthama, The leaves and twigs are alterative, anti-dote, aphrodisiac, astringent, antigonorrheal and laxative. It is used as an anti-dote against bites of venomous animals, and for the treatment of haemoptysis and fistula. Fresh sap from the leaves is used to cure Diarrhea, cholera and for wound healing. An infusion of the bark is drunk as an anti-diabetic. A decoction of the bark is used as skin wash to treat scabies, ulcers and skin diseases. The aerial roots are diuretic. They are used in the treatment of ascites and are chewed by women to promote fertility. Used traditionally as anti-ulcer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, in the treatment of gonorrhea and skin diseases. |
| 92 |
Litsea monopetala (Roxb. ex Baker) Pers |
Lauraceae |
Tree |
Seeds contain an oil which is used medicinally as ointments for rheumatism manufacturing candle in India.
Bark is used as astringent and in Diarrhea. The leaves are used as a topical medicine for the treatment of arthritis. |
| 93 |
Sapindus laurifolius Vahl |
SAPINDACEAE |
Tree |
Anthelmintic; astringent; emetic; rheumatism; gout; |
| 94 |
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile |
MIMOSOIDEAE |
Tree |
plant is therapeutic used as Anti-cancer, anti tumours, Antiscorbutic, Astringent, anti-oxidant, Natriuretic, Antispasmodial, Diuretic, Intestinal pains and Diarrhea, Nerve stimulant, Cold, Congestion, Coughs, Dysentery, Fever, Hemorrhages, Leucorrhea, Ophthalmia and
Sclerosis (33). Seed: seeds have anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities. Leaves & Pod: The leaves and pods are an excellent fodder with anti-inflammatory properties, rich in protein. The pods have molluscicidal and algicidal properties. Bark: It is used in the treatment of hemorrhages, cold, Diarrhea, tuberculosis and leprosy. Root: it is used as an aphrodisiac and the flowers for treating syphilis lesions. Gum: Gum obtains from the tree is pharmaceutically used as suspending and emulsifying agent and in preparation of many formulations. Its resins repel insects and water. |
| 95 |
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. |
APOCYNACEAE |
Tree |
The bark is a bitter, astringent, alterative herb that lowers fevers, relaxes spasms, stimulates lactation and expels intestinal worms. It is anthelmintic, anticholeric, antispasmodic, astringent, emmenagogue, febrifuge, tonic and vulnerary. It is used to treat bowel complaints, abdominal pains, fevers and irregular menstruation, and has proved a valuable remedy for chronic Diarrhea and the advanced stages of dysentery. A decoction is applied as a wash for skin diseases, and as a gargle. he latex obtained from the bark is considered to be powerfully tonic, vermifuge. It has been used for treating neuralgia and toothache. It is also used as an anti-malarial drug. The latex is drunk in small amounts as a poison anti-dote.The leaves are used for treating beriberi, dropsy and congested liver. A poultice made from the leaves has been reported as a good remedy against skin diseases. An infusion of the crushed leaves is used to clean infected wounds |
| 96 |
Anacardium occidentale L. |
ANACARDIACEAE |
Tree |
The leaves are febrifuge. They are used in west Africa in the treatment of malaria. In India and Africa the leaves are used to treat toothache and gum problems. The leaves can be harvested at any time and dried for later use. The bark is astringent, rubefacient and vesicant. Research has shown that it is also hypoglycaemic, having the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. The bark is used in Ayurvedic medicine to detoxify snake bites. Leaf and bark infusions are used in the treatment of toothache and sore gums, whilst the bark and leaf extracts and fruit juice are taken internally to treat Diarrhea. The fruit is anti-scorbutic, astringent and diuretic. Cashew syrup is a good remedy for coughs and colds. Cashew apple juice is said to be effective for the treatment of syphilis, and is also used in the treatment of cholera and kidney troubles. The fresh, acrid juice inside the shell is vesicant. It has been used for removing warts, as well as for treating ringworm, leprosy and corns, and is applied to the soles of the feet to cure cracks in the skin. The gum is bactericidal, fungicidal and kills worms and protozoa.It is applied externally in the treatment of leprosy, and for corns and fungal conditions. |
| 97 |
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. |
MELIACEAE |
Tree |
It is a bitter, tonic herb that acts as an alterative, clearing toxins, reducing inflammation, lowering fevers, promoting healing and generally improving bodily functions. It destroys a wide range of parasitic organisms and is spermicidal. It is not usually given to the very young, the old or the weak. Leaf teas are traditionally used to treat malaria, peptic ulcers and intestinal worms. The leaf juice is applied externally to ulcers, wounds, boils and eczema. An oil extracted from the seed is strongly anti-fungal, anthelmintic, anti-septic and purgative. It is applied externally in cases of leprosy and is also used as a vehicle for applying other active ingredients to the body. People use the twigs as toothbrushes, where they help to firm up the gums and prevent gum disease. The bark is bitter and astringent. A decoction is applied externally to haemorrhoids. anthelmintic, antiperiodic, anti-septic, diuretic and purgative actions, and are also used to treat boils, pimples, eye diseases, hepatitis, leprosy, rheumatism, scrofula, ringworm and ulcers. |
| 98 |
Casuarina equisetifolia L. |
CASUARINACEAE |
Tree |
Root extracts are used for the treatment of dysentery, Diarrhea and stomach-ache. A decoction of the twigs is used for treating swelling. The fresh bark is astringent. It is used in the treatment of dysentery. The powdered bark is used for treating pimples on the face. |
| 99 |
Dalbergia sissoo DC. |
FABOIDEAE |
Tree |
Powdered wood, leaves and seed oil are used in traditional medicine in India, especially to treat skin diseases. The leaves are reportedly used as a stimulant and to treat gonorrhea and wounds. Ethanolic leaf extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, without side effects on gastric mucosa. Decoction of leaves is useful in gonorrhea. Root is astringent. Wood is alterative, useful in leprosy, boils, eruptions and to allay vomiting. |
| 100 |
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. |
MYRTACEAE |
Tree |
The essential oil found in the leaves is a powerful anti-septic and is used all over the world for relieving coughs and colds, sore throats and other infections. The essential oil is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter cold remedies. The adult leaves, without their petioles, are antiperiodic, anti-septic, aromatic, deodorant, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic and stimulant. The leaves, and the essential oil they contain, are anti-septic, antispasmodic, astringent, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, stimulant, tonic and vermifuge. Extracts of the leaves have anti-bacterial activity. The essential oil obtained from various species of eucalyptus is a very powerful anti-septic, especially when it is old, because ozone is formed in it on exposure to air. It has a decided disinfectant action, destroying the lower forms of life. The oil can be used externally, applied to cuts, skin infections etc, it can also be inhaled for treating blocked nasal passages, it can be gargled for sore throat and can also be taken internally for a wide range of complaints. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Respiratory system'. |
| 101 |
Juglans regia |
JUGLANDACEAE |
Tree |
The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. They are used internally the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, Diarrhea, dyspepsia etc. The leaves are also used to treat skin ailments and purify the blood. They are considered to be specific in the treatment of strumous sores. Male inflorescences are made into a broth and used in the treatment of coughs and vertigo. The rind is anodyne and astringent. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and anaemia. The seeds are antilithic, diuretic and stimulant. They are used internally in the treatment of low back pain, frequent urination, weakness of both legs, chronic cough, asthma, constipation due to dryness or anaemia and stones in the urinary tract. Externally, they are made into a paste and applied as a poultice to areas of dermatitis and eczema. The oil from the seed is anthelmintic. It is also used in the treatment of menstrual problems and dry skin conditions. The cotyledons are used in the treatment of cancer. Walnut has a long history of folk use in the treatment of cancer, some extracts from the plant have shown anti-cancer activity. The bark and root bark are anthelmintic, astringent and detergent. |
| 102 |
Limonia acidissima Linn. |
RUTACEAE |
Tree |
It is used mainly as a liver tonic to stimulate the digestive system. The fruit is also astringent, especially when unripe, and a cardiac tonic. The pulp of the fruit, especially when unripe, is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and dysentery. The fruit is also seen as an effective treatment for hiccough, sore throat and diseases of the gums. Both the fruit pulp and the powdered rind can be poulticed onto bites and stings of venomous insects. They are astringent and are used internally, often combined with milk and sugar, in the treatment of indigestion, flatulence, Diarrhea, dysentery (especially in children) and haemorrhoids. The powdered gum, mixed with honey, is given to overcome dysentery and Diarrhea in children. The spines are crushed with those of other trees and an infusion taken as a remedy for menorrhagia. The bark is chewed with that of Barringtonia and applied on venomous wounds. |
| 103 |
Melia azedarach Linn. |
MELIACEAE |
Tree |
The leaf juice is anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic and emmenagogue. A decoction is astringent and stomachic. A decoction is used to treat Diarrhea. The leaves are used externally to treat skin conditions such as scabies and itch. A decoction is used as a gargle to treat tooth problems and strengthen the gums. The leaves are harvested during the growing season and can be used fresh or dried. The flowers and leaves are applied as a poultice in the treatment of neuralgia and nervous headache. The stem bark is anthelmintic, astringent and bitter tonic. The root bark is emetic, emmenagogue, purgative and vermifuge. It is highly effective against ringworm and other parasitic skin diseases. |
| 104 |
Mesua ferrea L. |
CALOPHYLLACEAE |
Tree |
A mixture of pounded kernels and seed oil is used for poulticing wounds. The seed-oil is used for treating itch, scabies and other skin eruptions, dandruff and rheumatism. The fruit is alterative and stimulant. A paste of the fruit is applied to boils. The flowers are astringent and stomachic. A paste made from the flowers is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery. A decoction of the flowers is drunk by women after childbirth. It is used as a haemostatic, antidysenteric and antiDiarrheal. The leaves are applied to the head in the form of a poultice for severe colds. Oil from the seeds is used for sores, scabies, wounds, and rheumatism. The root of this herb is often used as an anti-dote for snake poison. The dried flowers are used for bleeding hemorrhoids and dysentery with mucus. Fresh flowers are also prescribed for excessive thirst, excessive perspiration, cough, and for indigestion. |
| 105 |
Mimusops elengi L. |
SAPOTACEAE |
Tree |
The bark is astringent, bitter and tonic. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and dysentery. A decoction of the bark, sometimes mixed with the flowers, is used as a gargle to treat gum inflammation, toothache etc. It is also used to treat gonorrhea, snake bites, fevers, wounds, scabies and eczema. The leaves are used to treat headache, toothache, wounds and sore eyes, and are smoked to cure infections of the nose and mouth. The flowers have been used as a remedy against Diarrhea. The young fruits have been employed in a gargle for treating sprue. The pounded seeds are used to cure obstinate constipation. Various parts of the tree have medicinal properties. It is used in the treatment and maintenance of oral hygiene. Rinsing mouth with water solution made with bakul helps in strengthening the teeth. It also prevents bad breath and helps keep the gums healthy. |
| 106 |
Moringa oleifera Lam |
MORINGACEAE |
Tree |
The horseradish tree is a nutritious, diuretic, laxative herb that is expectorant, increases milk flow, controls bacterial infections and is rubefacient when applied topically. It contains a potent antibiotic. Ben oil, obtained from the seeds, has no taste, smell or colour and is exceptionally resistant to oxidation. The young leaves are taken internally to increase the milk flow in nursing mothers. The root is used as a vesicant. The root juice is used internally in the treatment of asthma, gout, rheumatism, enlarged spleen and liver, bladder and kidney stones, inflammatory conditions. xternally, the root is used to treat boils, ulcers, glandular swellings, infected wounds, skin diseases, dental infections, snake bites and gout. The roots and bark are used for cardiac and circulatory problems, as a tonic and for inflammation. The gum is demulcent, diuretic, astringent and abortifacient. It is used in cough syrups and in the treatment of asthma. The bark and gum are used in the treatment of tuberculosis and septicaemia. Flowers and immature fruits are said to be a good rubefacient. Oil of Ben is used for hysteria, scurvy, prostate problems and bladder troubles. |
| 107 |
Morus alba |
MORACEAE |
Tree |
The leaves are anti-bacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye infections and nosebleeds. An injected extract of the leaves can be used in the treatment of elephantiasis and purulent fistulae. The leaves are collected after the first frosts of autumn and can be used fresh but are generally dried. The stems are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic pains and spasms, especially of the upper half of the body, high blood pressure. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve toothache. The branches are harvested in late spring or early summer and are dried for later use. The fruit has a tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia due to anaemia, neurasthenia, hypertension, diabetes, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the elderly. The root bark is antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis, oedema, hypertension and diabetes. The roots are harvested in the winter and dried for later use. The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms. anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbic, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer; |
| 108 |
Prunus persica (L.) Stokes |
ROSACEAE |
Tree |
The leaves are astringent, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide and mildly sedative. They are used internally in the treatment of gastritis, whooping cough, coughs and bronchitis. They also help to relieve vomiting and morning sickness during pregnancy, though the dose must be carefully monitored because of their diuretic action. The dried and powdered leaves have sometimes been used to help heal sores and wounds. The leaves are harvested in June and July then dried for later use. The flowers are diuretic, sedative and vermifuge. They are used internally in the treatment of constipation and oedema. A gum from the stems is alterative, astringent, demulcent and sedative. The seed is antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient, haemolytic, laxative and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of constipation in the elderly, coughs, asthma and menstrual disorders. The bark is demulcent, diuretic, expectorant and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of gastritis, whooping cough, coughs and bronchitis. The root bark is used in the treatment of dropsy and jaundice. The bark is harvested from young trees in the spring and is dried for later use. |
| 109 |
Quercus incana W. Bartram |
FAGACEAE |
Tree |
A decoction or infusion is astringent, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-septic, styptic and haemostatic. It is taken internally to treat conditions such as acute Diarrhea, dysentery and haemorrhages. Externally, it is used as a mouthwash to treat toothache or gum problems and is applied topically as a wash on cuts, burns, various skin problems, haemorrhoids and oral, genital and anal mucosa inflammation. |
| 110 |
Salix babylonica L. |
SALICACEAE |
Tree |
The leaves and bark are antirheumatic, astringent and tonic. A decoction of the leaves is used in the treatment of abscesses, carbuncle, fever, rheumatism, skin diseases, ulcers etc. An infusion of the bark has been used to treat Diarrhea and fevers. The bark can be used as a poultice. The stem bark is used in the treatment of skin eruptions due to parasites. The root bark is used in a bath for the treatment of parasitic skin diseases. A gum from the stems is used in the treatment of foul sores. The down of the seeds is used in the treatment of fevers, haemorrhages, jaundice, rheumatism etc. |
| 111 |
Santalum album L. |
SANTALACEAE |
Tree |
It is an aromatic, bittersweet, astringent herb that cools the body, calms the mind, relieves spasms and improves digestion. It has diuretic, analgesic, anti-septic, expectorant and stimulant effects. The wood or essential oil is taken internally in the treatment of genito-urinary disorders, fever, sunstroke, digestive problems and abdominal pain. A paste of the wood is used externally to treat skin complaints. Sandalwood oil is little used in modern herbalism, its main application is in aromatherapy. |
| 112 |
Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. |
COMBRETACEAE |
Tree |
The bark is astringent. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea. The juice of the bark is applied externally to cuts and wounds. It can also be boiled then rubbed onto the head to remove dandruff. A paste of the gum is applied externally to burns and is also used to treat swellings caused by inflammation. |
| 113 |
Acacia ferruginea DC. |
MIMOSOIDEAE |
Tree |
A bark decoction, in conjunction with ginger is frequently used as an astringent for the teeth. The bark of all Acacia species contains greater or lesser quantities of tannins and are astringent. Astringents are often used medicinally - taken internally, for example. they are used in the treatment of Diarrhea and dysentery, and can also be helpful in cases of internal bleeding. Applied externally, often as a wash, they are used to treat wounds and other skin problems, haemorrhoids, perspiring feet, some eye problems, as a mouth wash etc. This is sometimes taken internally in the treatment of Diarrhea and haemorrhoids. used for treating various skin infections, itching, leucoderma, ulcers, inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth and throat. The plant is also credited for treatment of helminthiasis. dysentery, piles and diabetes. |
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