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Botanical Name Plant's Common Name Plant Family   

    TOTAL NUMBER OF MEDICINAL PLANT RECORDS FOR PAIN IN MPDB : 118

    AQUATIC : 0     BAMBOO : 1     CLIMBERS : 9     GRASSES : 0     HERBS : 47     ORCHIDS : 0     SHRUBS : 32     TREES : 29

 Sr. No.   Medicinal Plant's Name   Plant's Family   Plant category   Medicinal Uses 
1 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Poaceae Bamboo The root (burnt root) is applied to ringworm, bleeding gums, painful joints (Khare, 2007). Seeds are acrid, laxative, said to be beneficial in strangury and urinary discharges (Chopra et al., 1958). Bark is used for skin eruptions (Khare, 2007). Leaf is emmenagogue, antileprotic, febrifuge, bechic, used in haemoptysis (Khare, 2007). anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, Anthelmintic, Astringent, Emmengogue activity
2 Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Vitaceae Climbers Plant is used in muscular pain, sores, pneumonia and bone fracture. Decoction of the stem bark is given in stomach pain. Root paste is applied to wounds to heal; decoction is given in cases of chronic dysentery.
3 Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. Fabaceae Climbers In chest pain two pills made from powdered tuber mixed with sugar are taken twice a day for 4-5 days. To cure weakness boiled roots are eaten twice a day for three weeks. The root is emetic, galactagogue and tonic. It is used to treat renal complaints and as a demulcent and refrigerant in the treatment of fevers. Applied externally, it is peeled and bruised to make a cataplasm, which is used to reduce swellings. It is crushed and rubbed on the body in the treatment of fevers and rheumatism.
4 Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucurbitaceae Climbers Various preparations of roots, stems and leaves of Coccinia grandis have been mentioned in indigenous systems of medicine as being efficacious in the treatment of skin diseases, bronchial catarrh, bronchitis and diabetes. In traditional medicine, fruits have been used to treat leprosy, fever, asthma, bronchitis, and jaundice. The fruit possesses mast cell-stabilizing, antianaphylactic, and antihistaminic potential. In Bangladesh, the roots are used to treat osteoarthritis and joint pain. A paste made of leaves is applied to the skin to treat scabies. analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, Hepatoprotective, anti-malarial, antidyslipidemic, anti-cancer, antitussive, mutagenic
5 Ipomoea hederifolia L. Convolvulaceae Climbers The plant is considered cooling and purgative; used in cancer and Brest pain. Pounded leaves are applied to bleeding piles and as a plaster to carbuncles (Yusuf et al. 2009).
6 Ipomoea quamoclit L. Convolvulaceae Climbers Anti-cancer (leaf): Ho et al., 2015; The whole plant is crushed and applied externally on carbuncles. The juice is used along with other ingredients in case of blood dysentery, piles and body weakness. It is used as folk medicine around the world for various illnesses, such as hemorrhoids, ulcers, breast pain, snake bites, diabetes, fever, piles and as an antibiotic (Rajendran et al., 2007; Sajem et al., 2008).
7 Passiflora foetida L. - fetid passionflower Passifloraceae Climbers In India, this plant is used for forming lotions for skin disease & for preparation of medicinal powder for digestive problems. In Brazil, this plant is used to formulate lotions for skin diseases with inflammation. In Vietnam, leaves are used for tea making for vanishing sleeping and nervous disorders. Treating chronic pain, cough, asthma, insomnia, hysteria, emmenagogue, biliousness, digestive problems, including dyspepsia. This species can be helpful in treating digestive problems, including dyspepsia and Diarrhea; or used as an astringent and expectorant for nervous conditions and spasms.
8 Ceropegia odorata Asclepiadaceae Climbers The leaves are chewed to cure stomach pains, the juice from the tubers is used as eye medicine. Furthermore the tubers are eaten as vegetable.
9 Dioscorea pubera Blume Dioscoreaceae Climbers Relieve colic pain
10 Cissus quadrangularis VITACEAE Climbers Veldt Grape has been used as a medicinal plant since antiquity. In siddha medicine it is considered a tonic and analgesic, and is believed to help heal broken bones, thus its name asthisamharaka (that which prevents the destruction of bones). It is said to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anthelmintic, antihemorrhoidal and analgesic activities. It is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Thailand. An infusion of the plant is antifungal and anthelmintic. The pulped stem is given in the treatment of asthma; is used as an alterative in cases of amenorrhoea; and is given in the treatment of haemorrhoids. The leaves or young stems are analgesic and also speed the rate of healing. They are crushed and applied as a poultice to ease the pain of broken bones; for the maturation of boils; to cure wounds and burns; to ease the pain of rheumatic joints; and also as a treatment for saddle sores on horses. The powdered dry roots are used for treating indigestion. The powdered root is considered to be a specific in the treatment of fractured bones.
11 Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Herbs Root - Skin diseases, relieve kidney pain; Seeds - Laxative, Anti-cancer(Elisa et al., 2015)
12 Cleome gynandra L. Cleomaceae / Capparaceae Herbs anti-inflammatory, pain, swelling, fever, cough, asthma, skin and urinary diseases.
13 Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae Herbs Its leaves are used for insect or snake bites on the skin, boils, sores, pain from bee stings, bacillary dysentery, Diarrhea, hemorrhoids, postpartum bleeding, and intestinal bleeding. Anti-cancer (Li et al., 2012)
14 Melochia corchorifolia L. Sterculiaceae Herbs Leaves: ulcers, abdominal swelling, and headache and chest pain; Leaves and roots are used to treat urinary disorders, abdominal swellings, dysentery, snake bites and sores. An aqueous solution of leaves has insecticidal properties.
15 Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae Herbs Treat thorn or glass-puncture wounds, abscesses, scrofulosis, carbuncles, dysentery, rheumatism, isthmus and crural aches, fractures, superficial infections, fingernail inflammation, tumor, difficult labor and puerperal pain, anti-microbial, antirheumatic, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic activities and antitumoral
16 Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. Vitaceae / Leeaceae Herbs worm infestation, dermatopathies, wounds, inflammation, and in symptoms of diabetes, effective against guinea worm and ringworm, and is applied to sores and wounds. Roots are applied externally to allay pain and are alexipharmic, antiurolithiatic, anti-inflammatory
17 Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Fabaceae / Leguminosae Herbs The plant is used for swelling and pain in leg during pregnancy, night fever, dropsy, anaemia, hemiplegia, burns, wounds, small-pox, venereal sores, syphilis, gonorrhea, spermatorrhoea, gravel, cholera, dysentery, snake bite and rinderpest. It is also used for Diarrhea in cattle.
18 Cucumis callosus (Rottb.) Cogn. Cucurbitaceae Herbs anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, ANTI-HYPERLIPIDAEMIC; Fruit is traditionally used to prevent insanity to strong memory and remove vertigo. The seeds are cooling and astringent and useful in bilious disorder. diabetics; cooling effect, improve appetite, easy bowl syndrome, relives stomach pain, vomiting and constipation; indigestion, dropsy, and pulp of fruit used in abortion (abortifacient) and to increase menses for women; epilepsy and Diarrhea
19 Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae Herbs diuretic, chronic or acute eczema, fruit is cooling, fattening, tonic, laxative, aphrodisiac and diuretic; cures biliousness, insanity, ascites and allays fatigue. The seeds are lachrymatory, diuretic, cooling, tonic and nutritive; used in ophthalmia, liver and kidney troubles, bronchitis, burning of the throat, chronic fever, painful discharges and supression of urine. They are also beneficial to the enlargement of prostate gland.
20 Glinus lotoides L. Molluginaceae Herbs Seed used in treatment of tapeworm infestation. The plant is considered useful in abdominal disorders. It is used as an anti-septic, an anthelmintic, as a treatment for Diarrhea and bilious attacks, and as a purgative for curing boils, wounds and pain in general. The juice of the plant is also sometimes given to weak children for strength.
21 Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC. Molluginaceae Herbs Treating abdominal pain; jaundice; malaria; wound healing; joint pains, inflammations, Diarrhea, intestinal parasites, fever, boils, skin disorders, immunomodulating effects, chronic and recurrent infections, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis; The plant is said to promote digestion and salivation. It is used as a treatment for bowel complaints and syphilitic affections.
22 Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs jaundice, malaria, vomiting, cephalgias, headache, abdominal pain, convulsions, stomachache, constipation, eruptive fever, snake bite, epilepsy, blennorrhoea, hepato-biliary disorders, malaria, microbial infection and viral infections
23 Blumea membranacea DC. Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs The plant juice is used to relieve body pain. Leaf juice given in pneumonia. (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002)
24 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. - false daisy Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs Bhringraj is mainly used in hair oils, but it has been considered a good drug in hepatotoxicity. In hair oils, it may be used alongwith Centela asiatica (Brahmi) and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) It may be used to prevent habitual abortion (abortifacient) and miscarriage and also in cases of post-delivery uterine pain. A decoction of leaves is used in uterine haemorrhage. The juice of the plant with honey is given to infants with castor oil for expulsion of worms. For the relief in piles, fumigation with Eclipta alba is considered beneficial. The paste prepared by mincing fresh plants has got an anti-inflammatory effect and may be applied to insect bites, stings, swellings and other skin diseases. Asthma;
25 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs Warmicide, Hair tonic, According to Ayurveda, this herb is hot, laxative, digestible, tonic, fattening, alterative, anthelmintic and alexipharmic. It is used in insanity, tuberculosis, indigestion, bronchitis, spleen diseases, elephantiasis, anaemia, pain in uterus and vagina, piles, asthma, leucoderma, dysentery, vomiting, hemicrania, etc.
26 Cryptolepis buchanani Roemer & Schultes Asclepiadaceae Herbs Anti-dermatophyte activity; Root is demulcent, alterative, tonic and is useful in loss of appetite, fever and skin diseases. It is considered as a blood purifier and extensively used in skin diseases and leprosy. It is prescribed to children for rickets; treatment of bone fracture; anti-bacterial; analgesic; anti-inflammatory; chondroprotective activity; muscle pain and joint pain;
27 Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burn. fil.) R. Br. Boraginaceae Herbs The roots are analgesic. They are chewed or pounded and then soaked in cold water. The resultant infusion is used as a remedy for tuberculosis, stomach ache, Diarrhea, poisoning, and snake bite. The powdered root is applied externally to wounds to relieve the pain. The green leaves and roots are chewed and used as a poultice for both fresh and infected wounds; boils; and snake bite. The plant is diuretic. A decoction is used as a treatment against fevers and dysentery. The ash of burnt plants is an ingredient of prescriptions used for treating coughs and scabies. The leaves are used to prevent stillbirth. The seed oil is used for it's emollient properties.
28 Convolvulus arvensis L Convolvulaceae Herbs Leaves are used in medicine for spider bites and intestinal stimulant. Leaves and roots are considered to be laxatives. Traditionally it is used to treat skin ulcers, reducing wounds, inflammation and swelling. abdominal pain, abdominal worms, immunostimulant, diuretic,leaves have been used in asthma , jaundice and as antihemorrhagic.
29 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cuscutaceae Herbs headache, labour pain, bone fracture, fever, rheumatism, impotence, premature ejaculation, sperm leakage, frequent urination, ringing in the ears, lower back pain, sore knees, leucorrhea, dry eyes, blurred vision, and tired eyes.
30 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae Herbs Panchang (whole herb including roots) and berries, have anthelmintic property, useful in bronchitis, asthma, fever relieving, thirst and given in urinary concretions. The leaves have good application for piles. The fruit is laxative. Fumigations with the vapour of the burning seeds of this plant are found useful for the cure of toothache. Plant used as diuretic, in dropsy, leaves applied locally to relieve pain in rheumatism.
31 Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine Acanthaceae Herbs Kokilaksha, as it is known in sanskrit, was extensively used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for various ailments like rheumatism, inflammation, jaundice, hepatic obstruction, pain, etc. Hygrophila stimulates the male genital system and is beneficial in the treatment of sexual debility, premature ejaculation and erectile failure. It is also a potent remedy for kidney stones. anti-cancer
32 Justicia prostrata Gamble Acanthaceae Herbs treatment of fever, pain, inflammation, diabetes, Diarrhea and liver diseases. They also possess anti-tumoral, anti-viral, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities
33 Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees. Acanthaceae Herbs anti-inflammatory; Leaf juice is considered cooling and aperient; prescribed for children suffering from small-pox in doses of a tablespoonful or two, twice daily. Bruised leaves applied to contusions to relieve pain and swelling. Roots are given in fever. Spray of leaf decoction kills bedbugs by the Marma.
34 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Verbenaceae Herbs The plant is anodyne, anti-bacterial, astringent, carminative, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, febrifuge, parasiticide and refrigerant. It is said to be useful in the treatment of blenorrhoea, lithiasis, ischuria, constipation and pain in the knees. It is used in the treatment of hookworm. An infusion is drunk as a post-partum tonic. The juice of the plant is cooling and is used to relieve minor gastric troubles, fevers, coughs and colds. The aroma of the inhaled plant is breathed in to treat coughs and colds. A poultice of the fresh plant is applied to ripen boils. A paste or poultice is also applied to swollen cervical glands, to erysipelas, burns, and to chronic indolent ulcers.
35 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herbs to treat fistula, and as oral medicine for obesity, tumors; used in treatment of cough, bronchitis and rheumatism, malarial fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and diabetes, anti-cancer, emmenagogue, purgative, diuretic, anti-malarial, antihyperlipidemic, estrogenic, antileprotic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral agents in traditional systems of medicine. It is also used as antiasthmatic antitussive and in the treatment of snake bite, hydrophobia, urinary calculi, rabies, influenza, otorrhoea, piles, bronchitis, Diarrhea, renal dropsies, gonorrhea, and abdominal pain.
36 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Amaranthaceae Herbs Urinal diseases, Antimicrobial, urethral problems, lithiasis, and gonorrhea; Decoction of complete plant used in kidney stone or kidney pain.
37 Polygonum barbatum L. Polygonaceae Herbs The seeds are used to relieve the griping pains of colic. The root is astringent and cooling. A paste of the root is used externally in the treatment of scabies.
38 Polygonum glabrum Willd. Polygonaceae Herbs leaves of this plant are used for treatment of colic pain, fever; Root decoction given internally to neutralize the Krait poison. Root powder given for urinary stones. Plant powder with honey given for white discharge in women (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002).
39 Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Piperaceae Herbs treating abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic joint pain; cough suppressant, emollient, and diuretic;
40 Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster Euphorbiaceae Herbs The leaves are strongly diuretic. A decoction is drunk to facilitate childbirth, and against oedema, costal pain and fever. In Sudan the leaves are given against dysentery. The young leaves are given to children as a treatment for coughs and hiccups. A plant extract is reported to be strongly diuretic and is taken to allay spasms, such as griping in dysentery. The plant is also used as a laxative and to treat gonorrhea, dropsy, Diarrhea and malaria. The plant extract is applied externally to treat skin infections. The plant sap is applied to treat bruises, sores and ulcers, and mixed with oil against ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The fruits are used in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, sores, scabies, ringworm and other skin problems.
41 Crotalaria verrucosa L. FABOIDEAE Herbs The roots are used as a treatment against fever and stomach pains. The plant (part not specified) is blood purifier, emmenagogue. It is used to purify the blood and to cure skin diseases.
42 Phyllanthus urinaria L. Phyllanthaceae Herbs It is used against colic, and as an effective remedy to eliminate gall - and kidney stones, urinary tract infection, bladder inflammation and for other kidney and liver problems in general such as acute - and chronic hepatitis B, which explains the origin of its species name urinaria. commonly used as a diuretic and purgative to treat a wide variety of uro-genital disorders, Diarrhea and diabetes. It is also used as a bitter tonic and to treat fevers, including malaria. In Asia, extracts are widely used against hepatitis B infections. A plant decoction is drunk and plant ash in water is applied as ear drops to treat earache. Externally, the crushed plant parts, or an infusion, are applied to treat ulcers, sores and tumours. The sap of leafy twigs, or a twig decoction, is drunk to treat pain in the side. A paste of fresh crushed leaves and kaolin in water is drunk and applied to the body to treat convulsions, colic, constipation and urethral discharges. The bitter leaves are eaten to treat hiccup and cough.
43 Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC. Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs used as an herbal treatment for the common cold, kidney disease and as a diuretic in Philippine medicine, where it is most commonly known as sambong. It is used to treat infected wounds, respiratory infections and stomach pains.
44 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae Herbs aphrodisiac, immunostimulant, Hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic activities; The rhizomes of the plants are used for the treatment of decline in strength, jaundice and asthma. According to Ayurveda, root is heating, aphrodisiac, alternative, appetizer, fattening and useful in treatment of piles, biliousness, fatigue, blood related disorders etc. According to Unani system of medicine, root is carminative, tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-pyretic and useful in bronchitis, ophthalmia, indigestion, vomiting, Diarrhea, lumbago, gonorrhea, gleet, hydrophobia, joint pains etc.
45 Cyperus compressus L. Cyperaceae Herbs menstruation-regulating and pain-relieving effects
46 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Araceae Herbs bronchitis, asthma, abdominal pain, emesis, dysentery, enlargement of spleen, piles, elephantiasis, diseases due to vitiated blood, and rheumatic swellings; antiprotease activity, analgesic activity, and cytotoxic activity;
47 Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae Herbs dermatological purposes regarding wound healing properties; Less specifically the herb has been reported as being toxic to poultry and rabbits, and the seed to birds. The plant material has been applied externally to slow-healing ulcers and wounds. It also has been applied as an expectorant and as a remedy for pruritus, rheumatism, haemorrhoids, rabies, leprosy, and snake bite. Treatment of non-specified types of phthisis, and of kidney-related conditions such as dropsy and chronic nephritis. It was used as an antidepressant. The herb is diuretic, diaphoretic and expectorant; cures gout, cerebral affections, hydrophobia, pain in liver and kidney; used in leprosy, dropsy, epilepsy, mania and hepatic and renal complaints. It is anti-dote to viperine poison, imporves eyesight and expell leeches.
48 Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker Liliaceae Herbs Tubers having medicinal value are used as general tonic, containing the steroid sapogenine (1-2%), protein (10-20%) and calcium. Tubers are fat free and they have high aphrodisiac property. It is also useful in diseases like renal calculus, Leucorrhoea and diabetes. Immunomodulator, stimulant and tonic, antistress, adaptogen, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, antimutagenic, anti-ulcer, antitumor, aphrodisiac, glactogen, antidibetic; Sexual disorders, decreased libido, cough and asthma, dysuria, polyuria, gonorrhea, menorrhagia, leucorrhea, piles and leucoderma, diabetes, obesity and immune problems, ophthalmic conditions, vomiting, dyspepsia, lumbago, joint pain and problems associated nervous system.
49 Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Cyperaceae Herbs The leaves, stems and rhizomes are analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, decongestant, diuretic, febrifuge and sudorific. A decoction of the whole plant is used as a treatment against a variety of complaints including malaria; colds with fever; whooping cough; bronchitis; swelling pain in the throat. The leaves are taken internally in the treatment of Diarrhea. The pounded rhizome is used as a poultice for sores. A poultice of the fresh leaves is applied to snake bites, furuncles, sprains. A decoction may be used as an external wash in the treatment of pruritis. Ten fresh tubers are made into a paste and eaten with rice; once daily for three days as a treatment for Diarrhea.
50 Pimpinella heyneana (DC.) Benth. Apiaceae / Umbelliferae Herbs ALL TYPES OF PAINS: One spoon of root paste is administered with water.
51 Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Herbs The leaves may be taken in the form of an infusion or decoction as a laxative and anthelminthic. It has also been recommended by Hindu physicians as a treatment for hepatic disorders and splenic enlargement. Seeds are used traditionally to improve the appetite and as an anthelmintic, laxative, aphrodisiac and a tonic. They have also been used to treat biliousness, stomach pains, eye and throat problems, piles, and diseases of blood, heart and spleen. hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial, spasmolytic, anti-pruritic, anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer.
52 Agave americana L. Agavaceae Herbs The sap can also be taken internally in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery. The sap is antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue and laxative. An infusion of the chopped leaf is purgative and the juice of the leaves is applied to bruises. The plant is used internally in the treatment of indigestion, flatulence, constipation, jaundice and dysentery. The sap has disinfectant properties and can be taken internally to check the growth of putrefactive bacteria in the stomach and intestines. Water in which agave fibre has been soaked for a day can be used as a scalp disinfectant and tonic in cases of falling hair. A gum from the root and leaf is used in the treatment of toothache. The roots are steeped in water, and the water ingested for treating various ailments such as stomach pain, painful and difficult urination, scurvy, swollen and bleeding pulp of teeth, swollen bones, constipation, and poor appetite or loss of appetite.
53 Amaranthus cruentus L. Amaranthaceae Herbs The plant is diuretic. Water from the macerated plants is used as a wash to treat pains in the limbs. The roots are boiled with honey and then used as a laxative for infants. The ash from the stems is used as a wound dressing. The heated leaves are applied externally on tumours.
54 Solanum americanum Mill. Solanaceae Herbs The plant is antispasmodic and vermifuge. A decoction of the whole plant is used as a blood purifier, for treating inflammation, dissipating blood stasis, and to expel worms. The plant is applied externally as a remedy for cardialgia, corroding ulcers, suppurating cancers, deep wounds, skin diseases such as dartre, and for use in poultices for treating kidney pain. The leaves are eaten raw to treat heart pains. The pounded leaves are used to treat sores and other skin problems. An infusion of the leaves and stems is used to improve kidney function. A decoction of the root, mixed with lime juice and a pinch of salt, is drunk as a treatment for malaria.
55 Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Papaveraceae Herbs The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, depurative, emetic, emmenagogue, possibly hallucinogenic, sedative and vulnerary. It has been used in the treatment of cancer and epilepsy. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a treatment for ailments of the spleen and liver, and for jaundice or whooping cough. An infusion of the young leaves or flowers is taken to relieve fever, cough and asthma. The latex is slighly corrosive, diuretc. It has been taken internally in the treatment of dropsy and jaundice. The fresh yellow, milky, acrid sap contains protein-dissolving substances and has been used topically in the treatment of warts, cold sores, cutaneous affections, skin diseases, itches etc, and has been rubbed onto the body for the relief of rheumatic pain. The root is alterative and has been used in the treatment of chronic skin diseases. The flowers are expectorant and narcotic. The seed is antidote, cathartic, demulcent, emetic, expectorant and laxative. An infusion, in small quantities, is used as a sedative for children, but caution is advised since the oil in the seed is strongly purgative. They are useful in the treatment of coughs and catarrhal affections of the throat and pulmonary mucous membrane, and in pertussis and asthma. Though they do not appear to possess any antispasmodic property, they have a distinct effect on asthma, apparently from their combined actions as nauseant, emetic, expectorant and demulcent. As their use is often accompanied by some degree of vomiting and nausea, as a laxative medicine they are more suited to some pulmonary affections than to other diseases. The seed has also been used as an antidote to snake poisoning.
56 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars FABOIDEAE Herbs A traditional Chinese medicine, it is used for improving digestion and diuresis. The whole plant is used in the treatment of swelling and pain in the leg during pregnancy; night fevers; renal stones; eye diseases; dropsy; anaemia; hemiplegia; burns and wound;, small-pox; syphilis; gonorrhea; spermatorrhoea; gravel; cholera; dysentery; snake-bite and rinderpest. A decoction of the whole plant, combined with honey, is taken orally as tonic after a woman has given birth. Combined with black pepper (Piper nigrrum), a decoction of the plant is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The juice of the plant is used as a treatment for diarrhoea and dysentery. A paste of the leaves is administered orally to cure swellings in the body. The fresh leaf paste is applied topically to get relief from the pain of rheumatism. A paste of the fresh stem and leaves is applied to sores and to areas affected by venereal diseases. The powdered root is taken orally in order to improve the digestion, treat stomachache and reduce abdominal gas. An extract of the crushed roots is used as ear drops in the treatment of deafness.
57 Cullen corylifolium (L.)Medik. Fabaceae - FABOIDEAE Herbs Bu Gu Zhi is valued in Chinese herbal medicine as a tonic remedy and is used to improve general vitality. Modern research has shown that it is also of value in the treatment of skin disorders, including vitiligo. The one-seeded fruits (or the seed plus the seedpod) are highly regarded as an aphrodisiac and tonic to the genital organs. The seed is anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, aromatic, astringent, bitter, cardiac, cytotoxic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. It is used in the treatment of febrile diseases, premature ejaculation, impotence, lower back pains, frequent urination, incontinence, bed wetting etc. It is also used externally to treat various skin ailments including leprosy, leucoderma and hair loss. The seed and fruit contain psoralen. This causes the skin to produce new pigment when exposed to sunlight and is used for treating vitiligo and psoriasis. The antibacterial action of the fruit inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The fruit is gathered when ripe in the autumn and can be dried for later use. The root is emetic. It is used for treating dental caries. The plant yields a useful medicinal oleoresin, it treats kidney disorders, impotence, premature ejaculation, lumbago etc.
58 Clematis triloba A.St.-Hil. Ranunculaceae Shrubs Aromatic oil. Skin problems; The juice of the leaves, combined with that of the leaves of Holarrhena antidysenterica, is dropped into the eye for the relief of pain in staphyloma; about 2 drops being used. Vaidya Rugnatbji of Junagad says the whole plant is a purgative. It is said to be used as a remedy in leprosy, blood diseases and fever by Sanskrit authors.
59 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Menispermaceae Shrubs An aqueous extract of the leaves has shown diuretic and laxative properties. An infusion of the leaves is used to treat stomach-ache. A decoction is drunk to remedy female sterility. The leaf sap is used to treat nervous illnesses. The cooked leaves are eaten to treat night blindness. A jelly prepared by soaking leaves in cold water is taken to check spermatogenesis. Applied externally, the leaves are used to treat skin infections and itchy skin including eczema, rheumatism and gonorrhea. The roots are alterative, diuretic, laxative and tonic. A decoction is applied against fever, rheumatism and severe weight loss. The plants are reported to have anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, Hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, and hypotensive. It is used traditionally as alterative, laxative, demulcent, prurigo, eczema, dyspepsia tonic, diuretic, antiperiodic in fever, in malaria, joint pains and in skin diseases.
60 Tamarix ericoides Rottler & Willd. Tamaricaceae Shrubs The plant is known for its medicinal properties and used for diabetes, paralysis, antidermatosis, stem powder with honey is taken for stomach disorder while decoction of root is given in painful urination.
61 Helicteres isora L. Malvaceae Shrubs Treat snake bite, Diarrhea and constipation of new born baby. The extract of the seeds cures dysentery and stomach pain. The root and stem bark are expectorant, demulcent, astringent, galactofuge, and a remedy for scabies. The stem bark is also used for treating Diarrhea and dysentery; anti-oxidant, hypolipidaemic, anti-bacterial and antiplasmid activities, cardiac anti-oxidant, antiperoxidative potency, brain-antioxidation potency, anti-cancer activity, antinociceptive activity, Hepatoprotective activity, anti-Diarrheal activity and wormicidal activity;
62 Waltheria americana L. Sterculiaceae Shrubs Bark is used to cure a sore throat. Juice from the tap root is combined with Noni and Olena to help cure colds. Flowers, buds, and older leaves and bark from the tap root are used in a concoction to treat asthma. Pain, inflammation, conditions of inflammation, Diarrhea, dysentery, conjunctivitis, wounds, abscess, epilepsy, convulsions, anemia, erectile dysfunctions, bladder ailments and asthma.
63 Grewia flavescens Juss. Tiliaceae Shrubs The roots used to treat menstrual problems, stomach problems during pregnancy and other disorders in women. The leaves were reported to be useful in ulcerated tongue, colic pain, wounds, cholera and dysentery. Root powder and decoction of roots were used to remove kidney stones and in urinary tract infections.
64 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae Shrubs Vata-pitta shamak, used for heart disease, cough, wounds and dyspnoea (root); in Diarrhea and dysentery (drupes); heart disease, fever (plant). leaves are useful in nose and eye diseases, anthelmintic. The root is astringent to the bowel; useful in cholera, hydrophobia, kidney pain, piles, anthelmintic. Leaves and fruits are purgative, expectorants, carminative, abortifaciant, galactagogue; useful in splenic enlargement, eye troubles, piles, rheumatism pain in joints and in breasts.
65 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Shrubs Brain tonic, Stomach pain, Rheumatism
66 Crotalaria retusa L. Fabaceae Shrubs The roots are used against coughing up blood. The plant is used as a treatment for complaints such as cough, dyspepsia, fever, cardiac disorders, stomatitis, Diarrhea, scabies and impetigo. An infusion of the plant is used to bathe children in order to prevent skin infections and also to treat thrush. The leaves, mixed with those of Crotalaria quinquefolia, act internally as well as externally against fever, scabies, lung diseases and impetigo. A decoction of the flowers and leaves is used to soothe a cold. The seeds are eaten raw to act as an analgesic to deaden the pain of a scorpion sting. The powdered seeds, mixed with milk, are eaten in order to increase body strength; they are also used to treat skin diseases
67 Indigofera cassioides DC. Fabaceae Shrubs A decoction of the roots is used in the treatment of coughs. The root is dried, ground into a powder and applied externally in the treatment of pains in the chest.
68 Moghania bracteata (Roxb.) H.L.Li Fabaceae Shrubs A decoction or infusion of the leaves and the flowers is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. A decoction of the leaves is given as a bath after childbirth and is also used as a treatment for rheumatish. The leaves are used both externally and internally as a vermifuge for children. One seed a month is chewed by women as a contraceptive. The root is used in the treatment of indigestion, fevers epilepsy and hysteria, to induce sleep and to relieve pain. If a sufficient dose is taken, the roots can induce a heavy sleep even if the person is experiencing great pain. There are no ill effects. The fresh roots are crushed in water in a mortar and pestle - the liquid is taken twice daily for 7 days as a treatment for Diarrhea and dysentery. A paste made from the root is applied topically to treat swellings
69 Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Fabaceae Shrubs Leaf juice mixed with milk is used for treatment of indigestion in infants. It is also used for scalding of urine and for curing bleeding gums. Some people use boiled tender leaves for cholera treatment, digestive complaints, relief of headache, body pain, snake bites, and even to cure fish poisoning. The root can be used for inducing flatulency and to cure stomach pain. The bark is used for treatment of bronchitis, asthma and for stomach complaints.
70 Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven Onagraceae Shrubs The plant is carminative, laxative and vermifuge. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea, dysentery, nervous diseases. It is considered to have analgesic properties and, together with other herbs, is used as a treatment for rheumatic pains. The mucilaginous leaves are used as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints, including headaches, orchitis and swollen glands in the neck. The plant is sometimes used as a treatment against ulcerations of the nose.
71 Artemisia vulgaris L. Asteraceae Shrubs leaves are used to prepare a local hair-care lotion Chinghi. Beneficial in diseases related to menstruation, digestion and parasitic infestations. Topical application of leaves acts anti-septic, anti-bacterial and anti-microbial. Flowers and leaves of Mugwort are also effective in muscular cramps, asthma, painful periods and uterine disorders.
72 Sigesbeckia orientalis L. Asteraceae Shrubs The whole plant is considered to be alterative, anodyne, anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, cardiac, diuretic, febrifuge, salve, sialagogue, stimulates blood circulation. Leaf extracts are widely used for restoring blood circulation; stimulating urine secretion; as a renal tonic; a stomachic; cardiotonic; to facilitate menstruation (as a pain reliever); for treating conditions such as Diarrhea, Leucorrhoea etc., and to cure snake, insect or dog bites. The sap is commonly used externally in the treatment of conditions such as gangrenous ulcers and sores; skin lesions of leprosy; syphilis and other venereal diseases; and as a remedy for ringworm and parasitic infections. The fresh sap leaves a varnish-like covering on the skin when it dries.
73 Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton Asclepiadaceae Shrubs The milky sap (latex) coagulates when warm and is said to have similar cardiac properties to digitalis (from various Digitalis spp.). It is also considered to be anti-septic, emetic, purgative and vermifuge. It is used in the treatment of a variety of other conditions including dysentery, leprosy, elephantiasis, epilepsy, asthma and many other complaints. Mixed with salt, it is taken orally as an emetic for treating severe colds. The latex is applied to sprains, body pains, boils and pimples. The milky latex is used externally to stop bleeding, and for treating a wide range of conditions including leprosy, rheumatism, ringworm, boils, scabies, stings, burns, bruises, cuts, sores and wounds. It is applied to the gums and teeth to treat caries and toothaches
74 Dregea volubilis (L. f.) Benth. ex Hook. f. Apocynaceae Shrubs The leaves are much employed as an application to boils and abscesses. The roots and tender stalks are considered emetic and expectorant. The young roots are cut and the exuding juice is inserted into the nose to cause sneezing. used to treat rheumatic pain, cough, fever and severe cold. Leaf paste is taken along with pepper to treat dyspepsia; bark paste mixed with hot milk is used internally for treating urinary infections.
75 Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) O. Ktze. ex Merr. Fabaceae / Leguminosae Shrubs The leaves are febrifuge and are used for treating postpartum fever and to treat paralysis and pain in the joints. A decoction of the leaves is used to bathe sores and swellings. The entire plant is given to relieve stomach-ache. A decoction of the root is drunk as a treatment for spermatorrhoea
76 Datura inoxia Mill. Solanaceae Shrubs All parts of the plant are anodyne, antispasmodic, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and narcotic. It has been used in the past as a pain killer and also in the treatment of insanity, fevers with catarrh, Diarrhea and skin diseases.
77 Datura metel L. Solanaceae Shrubs Galfugi, Antibiotic; Thorn apple is a bitter narcotic plant that relieves pain and encourages healing. It has a long history of use as a herbal medicine, being especially well-known as a treatment for chest complaints, including asthma, cough, tuberculosis and bronchitis. The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is abortifacient, anaesthetic, anodyne, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic. It has a wide range of applications, including in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insanity, heart diseases, fever with catarrh, Diarrhea, skin diseases etc. Anaesthetic, antiDiarrheal, anti-pyretic, anti-septic, anodyne, antispasmodic, antitussive, hallucinogenic, hypnotic, hydriatic, narcotic.
78 Solanum incanum L. Solanaceae Shrubs The plant is especially valued for its analgesic properties. All parts of the plant are used - usually the leaves, roots or fruits are used in decoction, or the roots are chewed or the sap swallowed. Conditions treated include a sore throat, angina, stomach-ache, colic, headache, painful menstruation, liver pain and pain caused by onchocerciasis, pleurisy, pneumonia and rheumatism. When used externally, the leaf paste, root infusions or the pounded fruits are rubbed into scarifications, the leaf sap is used for washing painful areas, and ash of burnt plants is mixed with fat and applied as an ointment. Conditions treated include skin infections, whitlow, ringworm, burns, sores, rashes, wounds, warts, carbuncles, ulcers and benign tumours.
79 Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Verbenaceae Shrubs The plant is commonly used in traditional medicine as a poultice for skin diseases, yaws, headache, leprosy and persistent fever. It is an ingredient of an embrocation for stiff joints. The dried leaves, roots or stems enter in various prescriptions for haemorrhoids. A decoction of leaves and/or stem is used as a carminative, and to relieve fevers and chronic headache. The pounded leaves are applied externally in various prescriptions for cephalalgia, ophthalmia skin infections, rheumatism and painful joints. A decoction of the stem is used as an anti-malarial and to relieve abdominal pain. A decoction of the fruit is given to relieve colic. Ripe and unripe fruits are chewed with the leaves of Piper betle for treating coughs. The wood is considered diuretic. The root is considered antiemetic. It is used in medicine for treating fevers, rheumatism and dyspepsia. The flowers are consumed during labour. The seeds are used to some extent for treating oedema. It is traditionally valued and reported for treating pain, inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever and malarial fever.
80 Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Shrubs Rheumatism, Skin diseases, important treatment for chronic bronchitis; The aromatic leaves are astringent, febrifuge, sedative, tonic and vermifuge. They are useful in dispersing swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, and of the testes from suppressed gonorrhea. The juice of the leaves is used for removing foetid discharges and worms from ulcers, whilst an oil prepared with the leaf juice is applied to sinuses and scrofulous sores. The leaves are stuffed into pillows, which are then used to relieve headache. The dried fruit is vermifuge. The fruit is also used in the treatment of angina, colds, coughs, rheumatic difficulties etc. The fresh berries are pounded to a pulp and used in the form of a tincture for the relief of paralysis, pains in the limbs, weakness etc. The root is expectorant, febrifuge and tonic. It is used in the treatment of colds and rheumatic ailments.
81 Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Lamiaceae / Labiatae Shrubs The whole plant is used, but especially the leaves and the roots. It is a powerful astringent, carminative, febrifuge and tonic. The plant is used in the treatment of rheumatism, colds, fevers, abdominal pain, skin sores, and snake bites. A decoction of the leaves is used as an antirheumatic and stomachic, and also to treat uterine infections, kidney gravel, swellings and hypertension. The juice of the leaves is given to children for colic, dyspepsia and fever caused by teething. Inhaling the vapour of the hot infusion induces copious perspiration. The essential oil distilled from the leaves is applied externally as an embrocation in rheumatic arthritis.
82 Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Müll.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Shrubs Roots, seeds, leaves and seed oil are used to treat jaundice, constipation, piles, anemia, conjuctivitis. The roots are purgative, anthelmintic, carminative, rubefacient and anodyne. Used in abdominal pain, constipation, calculus, general anasarca, piles, helminthic infestation, scabies and skin disorders. Root paste is applied to painful swellings and piles. The leaves relieve asthma and seeds are used to cure snake bites.
83 Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Shrubs The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of malarial fevers, and is also useful in reducing swellings caused by inflammation. This juice is also applied externally to treat burns, scabies, eczema and ringworm. The fresh bark is cut into small pieces and chewed or kept in the mouth for 1 - 2 hours in order to treat pyorrhoea. A paste of the bark is applied to the gums to treat wounds and swellings of the gums. The thin twigs are popularly used in Nepal as toothbrushes to treat toothache. They are considered especially good for treating bleeding and swollen gums. A leaf infusion is used as a diuretic, for bathing, to treat coughs, and as an enema in treating convulsions and fits. The leaves are also used to treat jaundice, fevers, rheumatic pains, guinea worm sores and poor development of the foetus in pregnant women. In Ghana the ashes from the burnt leaves are applied by rectal injection for treating haemorrhoids. The juice of the leaves, or the latex, is applied directly to wounds and cuts as a styptic and astringent to clean teeth, gums, and to treat sores on the tongue and in the mouth. It is also considered useful for treating decayed teeth.
84 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Phyllanthaceae Shrubs The plant sap and leaf decoction are credited with emetic and purgative activities. Plant sap is used as nose drops to treat toothache. Ground leaves are rubbed on the skin with lemon juice as treatment for rheumatism. The seeds are carminative, diuretic and laxative. The plant is used as an aphrodisiac. The plant is widely used in India to treat headache, bronchitis, earache and ophthalmia. Powder from dried plant material mixed with milk is drunk to treat jaundice. The whole plant is pounded and boiled, then the solution used for washing areas of the body affected by scabies. A root decoction is taken to cure constipation, Diarrhea, lack of appetite, intestinal pain, menstrual problems, gastrointestinal disorders, testicular swelling, chest complaints and snake bites.
85 Oxystelma esculentum (L. fil.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae Shrubs vital importance in curing the diseases of the modern world like cancer, hepatitis, kidney disorders, stress-related disorders and microbial infections. The plant is hot, bitter, tonic, expectorant, pungent, dry and indigestible; causes flatulence, diuretic, laxative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, useful in leucoderma and bronchitis. The juice is used in gleet, gonorrhea, pain in the muscles, cough and given to children as an astringent. The milky sap forms a wash for ulcers.
86 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae / Labiatae Shrubs The plant is used against swellings, fever, gastro-intestinal troubles and as an abortifacient. A decoction of the whole plant is employed to clean out the uterus; treat Diarrhea and heavy cramps; as a diuretic; and as a tonic to strengthen the back. The leaves and flowers are cholagogue. An infusion is used as an antidysenteric; decocted with salt or sugar in a preparation to dissolve renal calculi. The leaf juice is used in the treatment of thrush. In a plaster for wounds. Cooked in an infusion which is drunk to treat itches and skin diseases. The infusion of leaves is traditionally being used to cure the stomach pain of the children and also to cure cough and cold.
87 Pavetta indica L. RUBIACEAE Shrubs A decoction of the leaves is drunk during the first days after childbirth as a protective medicine. It is also taken when the birth is delayed and as a treatment for fever. The leaves are used for poulticing boils. A cooled decoction of the leaves is applied as a wash to ulcers of the nose and topically to treat haemorrhoidal pains. The root is considered aperient, diuretic, purgative and tonic. It is prescribed in the treatment of intestinal obstructions, constipation, jaundice, headache, urinary diseases and dropsy. The crushed root bark, combined with rice water and ginger, is taken as a diuretic and for the treatment of dropsy. The root, root bark or stem bark can alsl be used as a treatment for intestinal obstructions. The roots are used for poulticing stubborn itch. A poultice of the stem bark is applied topically for soothing haemorrhoids. An infusion of the thinly cut wood is taken as a treatment for rheumatism. A study of the methanol extract of the plant has shown anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. This extract has also shown anti-pyretic activity. Flavonoids in the plant have demonstrated effective diuretic activity.
88 Abutilon hirtum MALVACEAE Shrubs The plant (part not specified) is used to ease childbirth and to expel the placenta. The plant is used as a poultice to ease the pain of kidney gravel and is often mixed with glutinous rice and applied to ulcers. The roots are anti-pyretic and also used in the treatment of coughs and toothache. The leaves or flowers are applied to abscesses.
89 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Solanaceae Shrubs asthma, bronchitis, inflammatory diseases, ulcer and stomach problems; sedative, polyarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, painful swellings, spermatorrhoea, leucoderma, general debility, sexual debility, amnesia, ulcers, leucorrhoea; general tonic;
90 Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Tree An important herb in Ayurveda, where infusions of the bark, leaves and root are used medicinally to treat conditions such as fever, Diarrhea and inflammations. The leaf is carminative, astringent and used as a tonic, an expectorant and for asthma, pain relief, gynaecological complaints and as an anthelmintic, and treatment for hydrocele, pneumonia and intestinal worms. The leaves are used as an anti-dote to snake bites. The root and ash have been used as a remedy for kidney complaints. The roots are sweet, refrigerant, depurative, alexipharmic and diuretic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta and vata aphthae, poisonous bites, skin diseases, pruritus, erysipelas, strangury, nephropathy and psychopathy. The leaves are useful in pruritus and scabies. The fruits are sweet, appetizer, digestiveand diuretic, and are useful in strangury jaundice, gastropathy and splenomegaly.
91 Kydia calycina Roxb. Malvaceae Tree Plant—mucilaginous, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge. Leaf and root—antirheumatic. The leaves stimulate saliva. A paste of leaves is applied in body pains, used in poultices for skin diseases. anti-oxidant and Anti-bacterial Body swellings, body pain, boils, diabetis, febrifuge, increases saliva, inflamation, rheumatism, Analgesic; leaf and stem bark paste applied for ulcers and skin diseases;
92 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Malvaceae Tree Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Anticancer, pitta and kapha, burning sensation, hyperdipsia, rhinopathy, ulcers, skin diseases, haematemesis and general debility (Warrier et al., 1995) jaundice, throat pain, wound healing, urinary infection, dysentery The bark is astringent, sweet, acrid, refrigerant, oleaginous, expectorant, antipruritic, vulnerary, constipating, emetic, styptic, aphrodisiac and tonic. The barks and roots of G. tiliaefolia are used to treat skin diseases, hypertension, ulcers,Diarrhea, in?ammatory bowel diseases,pruritis, jaundice, burning sensation, thirst,throat complaints, biliousness, dysentery,infectious diseases, and diseases of the nose and of the blood
93 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Tree Grahi – absorbent, useful in Diarrhea, IBS Deepana – improves digestion strength Indicated in – Krumi – worm infestation Kushta – skin diseases Atisara – Diarrhea, dysentery; Ayurvedic medicines with Aralu as ingredient: Dadimavaleha – an effective Ayurvedic medicine for Diarrhea. Brihat Gangadhara Churna – Herbal powder, used for Diarrhea, low digestion strength etc. Bark used in India as a powerful fever-cure and tonic. Leaves and bark in good repute as a tonic after labor, and the juice of the leaves and fresh bark employed by the Konkans as a remedy for after-pains.
94 Boswellia serrata Roxb. Burseraceae Tree Hair tonic, skin disease Ayurvedic medicines with Salai Guggul ingredient: Jirakadi Modak – used for treatment of diseases of digestive tract such as dyspepsia. Arthronav Liniment, Inflanil oil – used for external application to relieve pain and inflammation, Osteoarthritis, Ulcerative colitis, Asthma, Brain tumors, Cluster headache, Inflammatory bowel disease, Rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-cancer (Garg and Deep, 2015); The bark, and the gum obtained from it, are alterative, aperient, aromatic, demulcent, diuretic, emmenagogue and refrigerant. The gum resin is used in the treatment of chronic lung diseases, Diarrhea, dysentery, pulmonary diseases, menorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, gonorrhea, syphilitic affection, piles and liver disorders.
95 Chloroxylon swietenia (Roxb.) DC. Rutaceae Tree The crushed leaves are applied externally to treat wounds, snake bites and rheumatism. A paste of the leaves and roots is taken internally to treat headache and is applied to the forehead as a balm for the same purpose. The root bark in milk is drunk to treat impotence. A bark extract is considered astringent and taken to treat fever, chest pain and in a mixture with other plants to treat asthma. In friction it is used to treat bruises and painful joints.
96 Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rahamnaceae Tree Bark and leaf powder or paste applied externally for chest pain due to cough. Stomachache, indigestion: Fruit powder(3 – 4 g)administered with pinch ginger powder thrice in a day. Used in pyorrhoea and to check oogenesis. Root bark and fruit of this plant, traditionally used to treat Bronchial Asthma, Thirst, Diarrhea and as Aphrodisiac. Fruit and bark is used as Antimicrobial. Bark is used as an anti-inflammatory, Antinoceceptive and as Anticonvulsants.
97 Semecarpus anacardium L. Anacardiaceae Tree Ripe fruits are aphrodisiac, digestive and stimulant. A paste or juice of the fruit is used in the treatment of bronchitis, dysentery, fever, asthma and haemorrhoids. The pure black acrid juice obtained from the fruits is used externally to remove rheumatic pains, aches and sprains. A little of the oil is rubbed over the parts affected - it is an efficacious remedy except in such constitutions as are subject to inflammations and swellings. Mixed with garlic and other substances, the juice is used in the treatment of almost every sort of venereal complaint. The bark is mildly astringent. A paste of the seed, mixed with honey, is used in the treatment of gastric troubles. The juice of the seeds is applied externally in the treatment of ringworm and severely chapped feet. The juice of the seeds has been tested as a possible anti-cancer. An oil obtained from the seeds is used to treat skin eruptions. The juice of the root is considered to be effective in causing sterility in women. The latex is applied externally in the treatment of headaches, skin diseases and scabies. The fruit and nut extract shows various activities like antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-reproductive, CNS stimulant, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic and hair growth promoter.
98 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Tree The bark is astringent and tonic and its ash may be given internally as a digestive. Incorporated into lotions or poultices, the bark may be used to relives sores, ulcers, boils and rashes. It may also be administered as a decoction against asthma and amenorrhea and as a febrifuge. Leaf extracts exhibit anti-oxidant activity in the liver, and are a common ingredient in cardiac and blood sugar reducing medicines. Young leaves may be used in fomentation for rheumatism, applied to sores and wounds, or administered as a poultice for inflammation of joints to reduce swelling and relieve pain. A sweetened decoction of the leaves is good against throat infection, cough, fever, and even intestinal worms. The filtered hot juice of young leaves, and a poultice of the flowers, is used for conjunctivitis. The leaves are warmed and tied to affected areas in order to relieve swellings and pains, particularly sprains. They are also used for bathing sores or to bathe persons suffering from measles or allergies. The leaves and flowers are used to make a sweetened tea that is drunk by children as a remedy for measles. They were also used in a preparation which was drunk in early Guyana as a malaria remedy. A decoction of the flower buds is used as a remedy for children's bedwetting and urinary complaints. The fruit is aperient and laxative. A syrup made from the ripe fruit is drunk in order to keep the digestive organs in good condition, and also as a remedy for coughs and chest colds. The flesh of the fruit is eaten to cure fevers and control gastric acid. The fruit pulp may be used as a massage to treat rheumatism, as an acid refrigerant, a mild laxative and also to treat scurvy. Powdered seeds may be given to cure dysentery and Diarrhea. The plant contains pyrazines and thiazoles. The seed contains polyoses. The bark yields proanthocyanidin and hordenine. It is used traditionally in abdominal pain, Diarrhea and dysentery, helminthes infections, wound healing, malaria and fever, constipation, inflammation, cell cytotoxicity, gonorrhea, and eye diseases.
99 Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Tree Cough, Dental Problems, The bark of the tree and the sepals of the flowers are well-known Indian remedies, and are valued on account of their astringent and mucilaginous properties, being administered internally in coughs and colds and applied externally as an embrocation. Traditionally used in the treatment of tumours, bronchitis, skin disease, epileptic fits, astringents, anti-dote to snake-venom, abscesses, boil and ulcer. Fruits are used as decoction to promote digestion. Leaves and flowers are used in the form of paste to cure several skin diseases. It is also used as remedy for Diarrhea, dysentery with bloody stools and ear pain. Leaf paste and pulp used as poultice rapidly heals ulcers and root is used for the treatment of tuberculosis and skeletal fractures. cytotoxic activity, antitumor effect, N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis, CNS depressant, anticoagulant and anti-oxidant activity
100 Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay Rubiaceae Tree The rind and fruit have useful emetic, diaphoretic and antispasmodic properties. The fruit is useful in cases of acute bronchitis and asthma. The fruit is applied externally in fever. The bark is a sedative and nervine carminative. It is given internally and externally in the treatment of fevers. An infusion of the bark root is used as an emetic. The bark is used internally and externally as an anodyne in the treatment of rheumatism and to relieve the pain of bruises and bone aches during fevers. It also acts as an astringent and is useful in treating Diarrhea and dysentery. Stem bark made into a paste and mixed with goat's milk and country liquour. This is prescribed in rheumatism once daily on an empty stomach. Fruits: cure abscess ulcers, inflammations tumours, skin diseases, pain in muscles, piles, chronic bronchitis, paralysis, leprosy, boils and eruption, brain diseases, asthma, leucoderma and rheumatism. Pulp of fruit bark: bone ache during fever.
101 Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. ex A. DC. Apocynaceae Tree Antibiotic, useful in anaemia, colic pain, Diarrhea, haematuria, menorrhagia, obstetric conditions, spermatorrhoea, splenomegaly. Seeds: decoction beneficial in chronic dysentery and in bleeding piles. Powdered seeds mixed with honey given in chronic chest affection, asthma and colic pain. Leaves: used in chronic bronchitis. Bark: useful in colitis, stomachic and tonic.
102 Wrightia tinctoria Roem. Apocynaceae Tree Warmicide, Kadu indrajav; The bark is used in the treatment of dysentery. The dried and powdered bark is rubbed over the body in the treatment of dropsy. The seeds are anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent and febrifuge. They are used in the treatment of fevers, Diarrhea and dysentery, intestinal worms. The leaves are used to relieve toothache when chewed with salt. The leaves and roots are pounded in water for treatment of fever. The bark and leaves are used to treat psoriasis, stomach pains, toothache, and dysentery. The milky juice is used to stop bleeding.
103 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Tree Ear problems; anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective and immunomodulaory; The bitter bark of the root is astringent, blood purifier and tonic. It is used in the treatment of stomach complaints, Diarrhea and dysentery. An alcoholic maceration of the fresh bark is externally applied on allergic dermatitis. When mixed with turmeric, the bark is used for healing sores of animals. The root is credited with antirheumatic, antidysenteric and diuretic properties. The seeds and bark are used medicinally for alleviating body pain, especially during fevers, and as an antiphlogistic medicine. It is also applied to burns and wounds. The juice of the bark is taken internally to treat Diarrhea and dysentery. A decoction of the bark is refrigerant, used in the treatment of fevers and jaundice. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a treatment for stomach-ache. Applied externally the leaves are employed in the treatment of cholera, fever, childbirth and rheumatic swellings. The boiled leaves are used as a poultice during and after childbirth, and in dysentery as well as for an enlarged spleen. Leaf poultices may be further applied for toothache and headache. The seed is expectorant and laxative. A decoction is used in treating coughs, bronchitis and gastritis. The seeds are applied externally to ulcers.
104 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree The roots have great medicinal value as a blood purifier, laxative, stomachic, tonic and as an anti-dote to poisons. The leaf sap is used as a demulcent to treat gonorrhea and cough, and is also applied to wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, ‘tridosha’ and urinary discharge. Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers. Flowers are sweet, cooling, bitter, acrid and astringent. They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases. In Ayurveda it has been observed that Gamhar fruit is acrid, sour, bitter, sweet, cooling, diuretic tonic, aphrodisiac, alternative astringent to the bowels, promote growth of hairs, useful in ‘vata’, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge. The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake – bite and scorpion- sting. In snake – bite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally.
105 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Tree Anti-cancer(fruit): Bandopadhyaya et al., 2015; an expectorant, anti-pyretic, diuretic, antiDiarrheal and antiscorbutic; fruit is given in order to allay the effects of aging and to restore the organs. The juice of the fruit is also given in order to strengthen the pancreas of diabetics, as well as in the treatment of eye problems, joint pain, Diarrhea and dysentery. inflammation, cancer, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, hypertension together with lifestyle diseases, parasitic and other infectious disorders;
106 Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Tree The bark and leaves are used for treating oedema, diabetes, leprosy and other skin diseases, intestinal disorders, piles and sprue. A poultice of the bark and leaves is applied topically to treat boils, swellings and rheumatic pains. The bark is used externally as a treatment for rheumatism, ringworm, scabies, ulcers and scorpion stings. The mucilaginous bark is boiled then the juice is squeezed out and applied to rheumatic swellings; the exhausted bark is then powdered and applied over the parts covered by the sticky juice. The seed and a paste of the stem bark is used in treating ringworm. anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anti-diabetic, antiDiarrheal, adaptogenic, anti-cancer, wound healing, Hepatoprotective, larvicidal, antiemetic, CNS depressant, and hypolipidemic activities.
107 Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Blood Sugar reduces, Hair tonic; The leaves are used to remedy dysentery and Diarrhea. They are used in a decoction with toasted rice as a diaphoretic. The young leaves are heated and used as a poultice. They are applied to abscesses as a poultice to promote suppurations and discharge of pus. The concentrated latex, combined with the fruit, is aphrodisiac and is used to treat spermatorrhoea and gonorrhea. Mixed with sugar, it is used as a treatment for dysentery in children. The milky latex in the plant is applied topicaly to treat toothache, bruises, painful areas, rheumatic joints and lumbago. It is dripped into wounds in order to kill or expel germs, and is applied to treat bleeding and swelling of the gums. The bark is tonic and diuretic. An infusion is anti-diabetic and a decoction is used as an astringent in the treatment of Leucorrhoea. A decoction of the root fibres is useful as a treatment against gonorrhea, whereas the tender ends of the aerial roots are used for obstinate vomiting. An infusion of the twigs is a useful remedy for haemoptysis. The milky latex is used against pains and fever, rheumatism and lumbago, toothache, and applied to cracked and inflamed soles. The fruit is tonic and has a cooling effect.
108 Ficus virens W. T. Aiton Moraceae Tree bark, latex, leaves and fruits are used in the treatment of blood diseases, apoplexy, vertigo, delirium, pain, rheumatism, diabetes and also as anti-oxidants. Used to treat apoplexy, blood diseases, bone fracture, delirium, diabetes, Leucorrhoea, pain, rheumatism, skin ulcers and vertigo.
109 Ficus exasperata Vahl. Moraceae Tree The leaf extract has been used to treat high blood pressure, rheumatism, arthritis, intestinal pains and colics, epilepsy, bleeding and wounds. The roots are also used to manage asthma, dyspnoea and venereal diseases. Root decoctions are used in the treatment of urinary tract ailments, gonorrhea, asthma and tuberculosis. The root is chewed in case of cough. The root is an ingredient in a prescription to expel worms. The root bark is used against eye problems. The body is rubbed with root scrapings as a tonic. The wood ash or charcoal is applied on lesions caused by leprosy. Decoctions of the bark are used in the treatment of coughs, worms, haemorrhoids and abnormal enlargement of the spleen. Sap from the stem bark is used to stop bleeding, as a treatment of wounds, sores, abscesses, eye ailments, stomach-ache and for the removal of spines, but some traditional healers consider it corrosive to the skin and dangerous to ingest. The ash of burnt stem bark is sprinkled on wounds. Scrapings from the bark are made into an embrocation with stimulant and tonic properties. The stem bark is locally applied on the body for the treatment of malaria. The leaves and young stems are abortifacient, analgesic, anti-dote, diuretic, emetic, oxytocic and stomachic. A decoction is taken for the treatment of dysentery; diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract; respiratory conditions such as coughs, colds, flu and asthma; hypertension. The young leaf is chewed and swallowed in case of gastric ulcers. The fresh leaf is used as an ingredient of preparations for the treatment of heart diseases. The leaves are cooked with bananas and eaten as a treatment for gonorrhea; the cooking water is also drunk for this purpose.
110 Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile MIMOSOIDEAE Tree plant is therapeutic used as Anti-cancer, anti tumours, Antiscorbutic, Astringent, anti-oxidant, Natriuretic, Antispasmodial, Diuretic, Intestinal pains and Diarrhea, Nerve stimulant, Cold, Congestion, Coughs, Dysentery, Fever, Hemorrhages, Leucorrhea, Ophthalmia and Sclerosis (33). Seed: seeds have anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities. Leaves & Pod: The leaves and pods are an excellent fodder with anti-inflammatory properties, rich in protein. The pods have molluscicidal and algicidal properties. Bark: It is used in the treatment of hemorrhages, cold, Diarrhea, tuberculosis and leprosy. Root: it is used as an aphrodisiac and the flowers for treating syphilis lesions. Gum: Gum obtains from the tree is pharmaceutically used as suspending and emulsifying agent and in preparation of many formulations. Its resins repel insects and water.
111 Adansonia digitata L. MALVACEAE Tree The leaves are hyposensitive and antihistamine. They are used to treat kidney and bladder diseases, asthma, general fatigue, Diarrhea, insect bites, and guinea worm. Leaf and flower infusions are valued for respiratory problems, digestive disorders and eye inflammation. Seeds are used to cure gastric, kidney and joint diseases. They are roasted then ground and the powder smeared on the affected part or drunk in water. The seed paste is used for curing tooth and gum diseases. The pulp is widely used in Africa as a diaphoretic to combat fevers, and to treat dysentery. The bark is used in steam baths for calming shivering and high fever. The bark is boiled and taken as a cure for body pains. This infusion is also used to treat colds, fever and influenza. A decoction of the roots is taken as a remedy for lassitude, impotence and kwashiorkor.
112 Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin CORNACEAE Tree In Ayurveda the roots and the fruits are used for treatment of rheumatism, and hemorrhoid. Externally it is used for the treatment of bites of rabbits, rats, and dogs. The roots are anthelmintic and purgative. The juice is used to expel worms, and to treat conditions such as piles, dropsy, hypertension, Diarrhea, fever, back pain, blood disorders, snake and rat bites, leprosy and other skin diseases. he stem is used to cure Diarrhea and vomiting. The leaves are used to cure asthma and as cataplasm to reduce rheumatic pains. The fruit juice is applied to the eyes to cure eye diseases.
113 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. APOCYNACEAE Tree The bark is a bitter, astringent, alterative herb that lowers fevers, relaxes spasms, stimulates lactation and expels intestinal worms. It is anthelmintic, anticholeric, antispasmodic, astringent, emmenagogue, febrifuge, tonic and vulnerary. It is used to treat bowel complaints, abdominal pains, fevers and irregular menstruation, and has proved a valuable remedy for chronic Diarrhea and the advanced stages of dysentery. A decoction is applied as a wash for skin diseases, and as a gargle. he latex obtained from the bark is considered to be powerfully tonic, vermifuge. It has been used for treating neuralgia and toothache. It is also used as an anti-malarial drug. The latex is drunk in small amounts as a poison anti-dote.The leaves are used for treating beriberi, dropsy and congested liver. A poultice made from the leaves has been reported as a good remedy against skin diseases. An infusion of the crushed leaves is used to clean infected wounds
114 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Tree The roots are purgative and vermifuge. A decoction of the root is used to treat malaria. The roots are boiled in a soup to be used in the treatment of oedema and stomach pains. They are also used as an emetic. The bark is purgative and vermifuge. An infusion of the bark is used to treat heartburn. Wood gum, mixed with maize meal porridge, is used to treat chest pains.
115 Juglans regia JUGLANDACEAE Tree The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. They are used internally the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, Diarrhea, dyspepsia etc. The leaves are also used to treat skin ailments and purify the blood. They are considered to be specific in the treatment of strumous sores. Male inflorescences are made into a broth and used in the treatment of coughs and vertigo. The rind is anodyne and astringent. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and anaemia. The seeds are antilithic, diuretic and stimulant. They are used internally in the treatment of low back pain, frequent urination, weakness of both legs, chronic cough, asthma, constipation due to dryness or anaemia and stones in the urinary tract. Externally, they are made into a paste and applied as a poultice to areas of dermatitis and eczema. The oil from the seed is anthelmintic. It is also used in the treatment of menstrual problems and dry skin conditions. The cotyledons are used in the treatment of cancer. Walnut has a long history of folk use in the treatment of cancer, some extracts from the plant have shown anti-cancer activity. The bark and root bark are anthelmintic, astringent and detergent.
116 Morus alba MORACEAE Tree The leaves are anti-bacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye infections and nosebleeds. An injected extract of the leaves can be used in the treatment of elephantiasis and purulent fistulae. The leaves are collected after the first frosts of autumn and can be used fresh but are generally dried. The stems are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic pains and spasms, especially of the upper half of the body, high blood pressure. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve toothache. The branches are harvested in late spring or early summer and are dried for later use. The fruit has a tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia due to anaemia, neurasthenia, hypertension, diabetes, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the elderly. The root bark is antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis, oedema, hypertension and diabetes. The roots are harvested in the winter and dried for later use. The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms. anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbic, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer;
117 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)Benth. MIMOSOIDEAE Tree The leaves can be used as a plaster to allay pain even from venereal sores, and can relieve convulsions. A paste made from the leaves is applied externally to treat muscular swellings caused by some inflammations. The leaves together with salt can cure indigestion and, in larger doses, can also induce abortion (ABORTIFACIENT). The bark of the root is a good remedy for Diarrhea and dysentery. The bark is used medicinally as a febrifuge. The fruit pulp is taken orally to stop blood flow in case of haemoptysis. The seed juice is inhaled into the nostrils against chest congestion and pulverised seeds are ingested for internal ulcers.
118 Santalum album L. SANTALACEAE Tree It is an aromatic, bittersweet, astringent herb that cools the body, calms the mind, relieves spasms and improves digestion. It has diuretic, analgesic, anti-septic, expectorant and stimulant effects. The wood or essential oil is taken internally in the treatment of genito-urinary disorders, fever, sunstroke, digestive problems and abdominal pain. A paste of the wood is used externally to treat skin complaints. Sandalwood oil is little used in modern herbalism, its main application is in aromatherapy.