| Plant Category | : | Tree |
| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. | : | 150 |
| Synonym | : | Pterocarpus marsupium f. acuminata (Prain) Prain.;
Pterocarpus marsupium f. acuta Prain.;
Pterocarpus marsupium f. biloba (Roxb. ex G. Don) Prain.; |
| Plant Common Name | : | Bija, Indian Kino Tree, Vijayasar, Malabar kino tree • Hindi: Vijayasara, Beeja patta, Bijasal, Bila • Kannada: baenga mara, bange, bendaga mara • Malayalam: Venga, honne, karintakara, karinthagara • Marathi: asaaha, asan, asana, bibla • Sanskrit: Asana, Beejaka, Petaca, Bandhukavriksha • Tamil: acamai, acanapann • Telugu: aine, asana, beddagi, beeja saramu • Urdu: bijasar, dam al akhwain |
| Plant Family | : | Fabaceae |
| Description | : | Deciduous trees, to 30 m high, bark 10-15 mm, surface grey or greyish-black, rough, deeply vertically cracked, exfoliations small, irregular, fibrous; blaze pink; exudation blood-red. Leaves imparipinnate, alternate; stipules small, lateral, cauducous; rachis 6.5-11.1 cm long, slender, pulvinate, glabrous; leaflets 5-7, alternate, estipulate; petiolule 6-10 mm, slender, glabrous; lamina 3.5-12.5 x 2-7 cm, elliptic-oblong, oblong-ovate or oblong, base obtuse or acute, apex obtuse and emarginate, margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 9-20 pairs, parallel, prominent, ascending, secondary laterals prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers bisexual, yellow, in terminal and axillary panicles; 10-12 mm long; bracts small, dioecious; bracteoles 2, cauducous; calyx tube campanulate, lobes short, the upper 2 often connate; corolla exserted; petals 5, all long-clawed, crisped along the margins; standard orbicular, wings oblique, obovate, auricled; keel petals oblique, small, slightly connate; stamens 10, monadelphous; filaments subequal; anthers uniform; ovary shortly stalked, inferior, tomentose, 1-celled, ovules 2; style filiform, in curved, beardless; stigma capitate. Fruit a pod, 2.5-5 cm across, orbicular-reniform, broadly winged; seed one, subreniform. |
| Plant Location in Melghat | : | - |
| Medicinal Use / Activity | : | Blood sugar reduces; The resin obtained from wounds in the bark is astringent. It is used in the treatment of chronic Diarrhea and the irritation caused by gastric infection and colitis. Although it has an unpleasant flavour, it makes a good mouthwash and gargle. It is commonly used in cases of toothache and also as a douche to treat vaginal discharge. The bark is used, either as a powder or in decoction, in the treatment of Diarrhea. A decoction of the bark is very useful for diabetic patients. The bruised leaves are used as a poultice on boils, sores and skin diseases. |
| Plant's Phytochemicals | : | COMPOUNDS: pterostilbene; (-)-epicatechin; pterosupin; marsupsin; (2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone; isoliquiritigenin; liquiritigenin; 7,4-dihydroxyflavone; p-hydroxybenzaldehyde; (2R)-3-(phydroxyphenyl)-lactic acid; retusin-8-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside; naringenin; lupeol; pteroside; pteroisoauroside; marsuposide; sesquiterpene; sitosterol; stigmasterol; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (8): Lupeol; Flavone; Naringenin; Catechin; Liquiritigenin; Epicatechin; Isoliquiritigenin; Stigmasterol; |
| Plant's Current Status | : | Endemic, Rare |
| Plant's Cross Database Reference | : | 259142 |
| Reference | : | Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31671
- https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Kino%20Tree.html
- http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Pterocarpus+marsupium
- http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973_7847;year=2009; |
| Reference | : | ~ Boeing H, Bechthold A, Bub A, Ellinger S, Haller D, Kroke A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Muller MJ, Oberritter H, Schulze M, Stehle P and Watzl B; "Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases"; Eur J Nutr (2012); 51(6): 637-63 PMID : 22684631 ~ Chandra Prakash Kala; "Aboriginal uses and management of ethnobotanical species in deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh state in India"; Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2009); 5(20): 1-9 PMID : ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID : ~ Rajendra Prasad Bharti, Abhilasha shrivastava, Jagjeevan Ram Choudhary, Asha Tiwari and N. K. Soni; "Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities in Vindhya region of Rewa and Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India"; IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (2013); 8(6): 23-28 PMID : ~ Kavishankar, G.B; Lakshmidevi, N.; Murthy, S.M.; Prakash, H.S. and Niranjana, S.R.; "Diabetes and medicinal plants-A review"; Int J Pharm Biomed Sci (2011); 2(3): 65-80 PMID : |
| Kingdom | : Plantae - Plants |
|---|---|
| Phylum | : Tracheophyta |
| Subkingdom | : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants |
| Superdivision | : Spermatophyta - Seed plants |
| Division | : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class | : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | : Rosidae |
| Order | : Fabales |
| Family | : Fabaceae / Leguminosae - Pea family |
| Genus | : Pterocarpus Jacq. - pterocarpus |
| Species | : Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. - Malabar kino |
