Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar
Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar
Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar
Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar
Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar
Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar
MT074 : Gmelina arborea Roxb.
| Plant Category | : | Tree |
| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. | : | 403 |
| Synonym | : | Gmelina arborea f. dentata Moldenke.;
Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines.;
Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke.;
Gmelina oblongifolia Roxb.;
Gmelina rheedei Hook., nom. illeg.;
Gmelina sinuata Link.;
Premna arborea Roth.; |
| Plant Common Name | : | Shivan; K-Kassamar, Gamhar Hindi: Gamhar Manipuri: Wang Marathi: Sivan Tamil: Kumalaamaram Malayalam: Kumbil Telugu: Peddagumudutekku Kannada: Shivani Konkani: Sirni Sanskrit: Madhumati |
| Plant Family | : | Verbenaceae |
| Description | : | Deciduous trees, to 18 m high, bark 8-10 mm thick, white or whitish-grey, smooth, lenticellate, scurfy, exfoliating in thin flakes; blaze yellow, with triangular rays; branchlets stout, tomentose. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 5-12.5 cm long, slender, tomentose; lamina 7.5-25 x 6-20 cm, broadly ovate or ovate, base cordate truncate or rounded, apex acute or acuminate, margin entire, glabrous above and tomentose beneath, glaucous beneath, coriaceous; nerves 3-5 from base, lateral nerves 3-6, pinnate, prominent, prominent, puberulent beneath; intercostae scalariform, prominent; 2 glands above on either side of the midrib. Flowers bisexual, yellow with orange-pink shade, in terminal panicles 3-3.7 cm long; calyx 6 mm long, campanulate, 5 toothed, tomentose; corolla 3 cm across, bilabiate, tube ventricose, lobes 5, subequal, obovate, obtuse, densely hairy; stamens 4, didynamous; anthers 2 mm, divaricate; ovary 4 mm, superior, syncarpous, glabrous, ovules 4; style 2 cm, slender, glabrous, unequally bifid. Fruit a drupe 2.5-3.5 x 1-1.5 cm, ovoid, pulpy, pyrene bonny, ovoid with a deep depression, yellow; seeds 2-4, elliptic. |
| Plant Location in Melghat | : | In Matakaul, Belkund, Bhati Ponga Nala, Chunkhadi, Jarida |
| Medicinal Use / Activity | : | The roots have great medicinal value as a blood purifier, laxative, stomachic, tonic and as an anti-dote to poisons. The leaf sap is used as a demulcent to treat gonorrhea and cough, and is also applied to wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, tridosha and urinary discharge. Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers. Flowers are sweet, cooling, bitter, acrid and astringent. They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases. In Ayurveda it has been observed that Gamhar fruit is acrid, sour, bitter, sweet, cooling, diuretic tonic, aphrodisiac, alternative astringent to the bowels, promote growth of hairs, useful in vata, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge. The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake bite and scorpion- sting. In snake bite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally. |
| Plant's Phytochemicals | : | COMPOUNDS: 6-bromo-isoarboreol; 4-hydroxysesamin; 4,8-dihydroxysesamin; gummadiol; arboreol; gmelanone;
Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside;
7beta-O-ethyl arboreol; paulownin; gmelinol; epieudesmin; beta-sitosterol; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (2): Beta-sitosterol; Sesamin; |
| Plant's Current Status | : | Common |
| Plant's Cross Database Reference | : | 259142 |
| Reference | : | Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31399
- http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Gmelina+arborea
- http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gamhar.html |
| Reference | : | ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID : ~ Nduche, M.U. and Okwulehie, I.C.; "ETHNOMEDICINAL SURVEY OF PLANTS USED IN TREATING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA"; Review of Plant Studies (2014); 1(2): 1-9 PMID : |
| Kingdom | : Plantae - Plants |
|---|---|
| Phylum | : Tracheophyta |
| Subkingdom | : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants |
| Superdivision | : Spermatophyta - Seed plants |
| Division | : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class | : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | : Asteridae |
| Order | : Lamiales |
| Family | : Verbenaceae - Verbena family |
| Genus | : Gmelina L. - gmelina |
| Species | : Gmelina arborea Roxb. - gumhar |