Plant Category |
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Tree
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Melghat's Flora's Serial No. |
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469
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Synonym |
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Aconceveibum trinerve Miq.;
Croton coccineus Vahl, nom. illeg.;
Croton distans Benth., nom. nud.;
Croton montanus Willd.;
Croton philippensis Lam.;
Croton punctatus Retz., nom. illeg.;
Echinus philippensis (Lam.) Baill.;
Macaranga stricta (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.;
Mallotus bicarpellatus T.Kuros.;
Mallotus philippensis tomentosus Gamble;
Mallotus philippensis var. microphyllus Müll.Arg.;
Mallotus philippensis var. reticulatus (Dunn) F.P.Metcalf;
Mallotus reticulatus Dunn;
Mappa stricta Rchb.f. & Zoll.;
Rottlera affinis Hassk.;
Rottlera aurantiaca Hook. & Arn.;
Rottlera philippensis (Lam.) Scheff.;
Rottlera tinctoria Roxb.;
Rottlera tinctoria var. monstruosa Ham. ex Dillwyn;
Tanarius strictus Kuntze.;
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Plant Common Name |
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Kamela, Kunku, K-Sendri, Kamala,
Kampillaka, and Kapila, Kaamala Tree, Kamala Tree, dyer's rottlera, Monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Hindi: kamala, raini, rohan, rohini, sinduri • Manipuri: Ureirom laba • Marathi: kesari, shendri • Tamil: kapila poti, kuranku-mañcanari • Malayalam: cenkolli, kunkumappuumaram, kurangumanjas, naavatta, nuurimaram • Telugu: kunkuma-chettu • Kannada: kunkuma-damara • Bengali: kamala • Sanskrit: kampilyaka
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Plant Family |
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Euphorbiaceae
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Description |
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Dioecious trees, to 12 m high, bark 4-5 mm thick, pale brown; branchlets, young leaves and inflorescence tawny or rusty pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 7-60 mm long, stout, swollen at base, fulvous-pubescent with 2 small sessile glands on each side of the submit; lamina 5-20 x 2-8 cm, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base acute or round, apex acuminate or acute, margin entire or sparsely serrate, glabrous above, greyish pubescent to fulvous tomentose with minute red glands beneath; coriaceous; 3-ribbed from base; lateral nerves upto 6 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent, intercostae scalariform, prominent. Flowers unisexual, brick red, in rusty puberulous, terminal spicate panicles; male flowers: 4.5 mm across; tepals 4, lanceolate, stamens many; female flowers: 4 mm across, tepals 3 or 4, thicker than in males, ovate-lanceolate; ovary with red glands, superior, 3-celled, ovules one in each cell; styles 3, to 3.5 mm long, papillose. Fruit a capsule, 7-8 mm across, globose, 3-lobed, loculicidally 3 valved, densely red-glandular, pubescent; seeds 1-4, globose, glabrous, black.
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Plant Location in Melghat |
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At Higher elevation in parts of Chikhaldara and Tarubandha ranges
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Medicinal Use / Activity |
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Urinal diseases, Antifilarial, Antifertility, Antibacterial and anti-fungal, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Activity, Antioxidant Activity and Antiradical Activity, Protein Inhibition Implicated in Cancer Processes, Hepatoprotective Activity, Anticestodal Activity, Anthelmintic Activity, Antituberculosis Activity, Antiallergic Activity, Anti-Leukaemic Activity, Antiproliferative Activity, Anti-HIV Activity, Antitumor Activity, Wound Healing, Wound Healing; According to Ayurveda, leaves are bitter, cooling and appetizer. Fruit is heating, Purgative, anthelmintic, vulnerary, detergent, maturant, carminative, alexiteric and useful in treatment of bronchitis, abdominal diseases, spleen enlargement etc.
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Plant's Phytochemicals |
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COMPOUNDS: Coroglaucigenin; Coroglaucigenin L-rhamnoside; Corotoxigenin; Corotoxigenin L-rhamnoside; Lupeol-3-acetate; Lupeol;
Friedelin; acetylaleuritolic acid; a-amyrin; Beta-sitosterol; Daucosterol;
Isocoumarins; Bergenin;
Kamalachalcone A;
Kamalachalcone B; Mallotophilippen C;
Mallotophilippen D;
Mallotophilippen E; rottlerin; isorallorottlerin; Isorottlerin;
ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (3):
Lupeol;
Beta-sitosterol;
Friedelin;
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Plant's Current Status |
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Endemic
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Plant's Cross Database Reference |
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259142
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Reference |
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Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve
- https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kaamla%20Tree.html
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31523
- http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mallotus+philippensis
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Reference |
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~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID :
~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID :
~ S.D. Jagtap, S.S. Deokule and S.V. Bhosle; "Some unique ethnomedicinal uses of plants used by the Korku tribe of Amravati district of Maharashtra, India"; Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2006); 107: 463-469 PMID :
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