| Plant Category | : | Tree |
| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. | : | 193 |
| Synonym | : | Buceras chebula (Retz.) Lyons.;
Myrobalanus chebula (Retz.) Gaertn.;
Myrobalanus gangetica Kostel.;
Terminalia acuta Walp.;
Terminalia aruta Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don.;
Terminalia chebula Willd. ex Flem.;
Terminalia gangetica Roxb.;
Terminalia reticulata Roth.; |
| Plant Common Name | : | Hirda, Harda, Chebulic Myrobalan, Myrobalan • Hindi: Harra, Harad • Manipuri: Manahi • Marathi: Hirad • Tamil: kaDukkaay • Malayalam: Katukka • Telugu: Nallakaraka • Kannada: Halle • Bengali: Haritaki • Oriya: Karedha • Konkani: Ordo • Assamese: Hilika • Sanskrit: Kayastha, Jivapriya |
| Plant Family | : | Combretaceae |
| Description | : | Deciduous trees, to 25 m high, bark 5-6 mm thick, surface dark brown to black, fissures shallow, vertical, exfoliating in thick scales; blaze yellowish-brown; young shoots densely pubescent; branchlets brownish or greyish, glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite to alternate, exstipulate; petiole 12-25 mm long, stout, grooved above, pubescent, 2 sessile glands at the top; lamina 9.5-28 x 4-13 cm, ovate, elliptic, obovate or elliptic-obovate, base round, obtuse, oblique or subtruncate, apex acute, acuminate, obtuse or apiculate, margin entire, glabrous above tawny villous beneath, coriaceous; lateral nerves 6-12 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent, arched towards the margin, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers bisexual, greenish-white, 5-6 mm across, in terminal and axillary spikes with offensive smell; bracts 2-3 mm long; calyx tube 1.5-2.5 × 0.8-1 mm, villous, constricted above the ovary, lobes 5, creamy, triangular, 1.5 mm; petals 0; stamens 10 in 2 rows; filaments 4-6 mm; disc 5-lobed, villous; ovary 2 mm long, inferior, densely villous, 1-celled; style 5 mm, subulate; stigma terminal. Fruit a drupe 3-4 x 2-2.5 cm, obovoid, woody, obscurely 5 angled, glabrous, greenish-yellow; seed one. |
| Plant Location in Melghat | : | Restricted to Jarida range. Very Sparse |
| Medicinal Use / Activity | : | The treatment of asthma, sore throat, vomiting, hiccough, Diarrhea, dysentery, bleeding piles, ulcers, gout, heart and bladder diseases. The plant has been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological and medicinal activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, radioprotective, cardioprotective, antiarthritic, anticaries, gastrointestinal motility and wound healing activity. |
| Plant's Phytochemicals | : | COMPOUNDS: chebulinic acid; tannic acid; ellagic acid; Gallic acid; chebulagic acid; punicalagin; chebulanin; corilagin; neochebulinic acid; casuarinin; terchebulin; corilagin; galloyl glucose; punicalagin; terflavin A; maslinic acid; beta-sitosterol; palmitic acid; linoleic acid; oleic acid; chebulosides I; chebulosides II; arjunin; arjunglucoside; 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid; 2alpha-hydroxymicromiric acid; punicalin; punicalagin; terflavins B; terflavins C; terflavins D; phloroglucimol; pyrogallol; erulic acid; p-coumaric acid; caffeic acid; vanillic acid; palmitic acid; stearic acid; oleic acid; behenic acid; arachidic acid; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (9): Beta-sitosterol; Ursolic Acid; Maslinic Acid; Palmitic acid; Caffeic acid; Chebulinic acid; Ellagic acid; Gallic Acid; Tannic acid; |
| Plant's Current Status | : | Endemic |
| Plant's Cross Database Reference | : | 259142 |
| Reference | : | Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve
- http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Chebulic%20Myrobalan.html
- http://tropical.theferns.info/image.php?id=Terminalia+chebula
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31838
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3631759/ |
| Reference | : | ~ Jennifer L. McCracken, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Bill T. Ameredes, William J. Calhoun; "Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults - A Review"; JAMA (2017); 318(3): 279-290 PMID : 28719697 ~ Anwesa Bag, Subir Kumar Bhattacharyya and Rabi Ranjan Chattopadhyay; "The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research"; Asian Pac J Trop Biomed (2013); 3(3): 244-252 PMID : 23620847 ~ Chen S; "Natural products triggering biological targets - a review of the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals targeting the arachidonic acid pathway in allergy asthma and rheumatoid arthritis."; Curr Drug Targets (2011); 12(3): 288-301 PMID : 20955151 ~ Park HS, Kim SR, Kim JO and Lee YC; "The roles of phytochemicals in bronchial asthma"; Molecules (2010); 15(10): 6810-34 PMID : 20924320 ~ Santosh Kumar Singh, Jay Ram Patel, Prashant Kumar Dubey and Sonia Thakur; "A review on anti-asthmatic activity of traditional medicinal plants"; IJPSR (2014); 5(10): 4109-4116 PMID : ~ Chandra Prakash Kala; "Aboriginal uses and management of ethnobotanical species in deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh state in India"; Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2009); 5(20): 1-9 PMID : ~ Balaji Kasirajan, Rajadurai Maruthamuthu, Vidhya Gopalakrishnan, Krithika Arumugam, Hudson Asirvatham, Vidya Murali, Ramya Mohandass and Anusha Bhaskar; "A database for medicinal plants used in treatment of asthma"; Bioinformation (2007); 2(3): 105-106 PMID : ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID : ~ AHM Mahmudur Rahman; "A Review on Medicinal Plants with Anticancer Activity Available In Bangladesh"; Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol (2018); 1(4). MAPP.000516 PMID : ~ Shubhangi Pawar and D A Patil; "Observations on folkloric medicinal plants of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra"; Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (2004); 3(4): 437-442 PMID : ~ Kazhila C. Chinsembu and Marius Hedimbi; "Ethnomedicinal plants and other natural products with anti-HIV active compounds and their putative modes of action"; International Journal for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research (2010); 1(6): 74-91 PMID : ~ Kavishankar, G.B; Lakshmidevi, N.; Murthy, S.M.; Prakash, H.S. and Niranjana, S.R.; "Diabetes and medicinal plants-A review"; Int J Pharm Biomed Sci (2011); 2(3): 65-80 PMID : |
| Kingdom | : Plantae - Plants |
|---|---|
| Phylum | : Tracheophyta |
| Subkingdom | : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants |
| Superdivision | : Spermatophyta - Seed plants |
| Division | : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class | : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | : Rosidae |
| Order | : Myrtales |
| Family | : Combretaceae - Indian Almond family |
| Genus | : Terminalia L. - tropical almond |
| Species | : Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. - myrobalan |
